Legislation – Education and Skills Act 2008

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Introduction

Part 1
Duty to participate in education or training: England

Chapter 1 Young persons

Duty to participate in education or training

1 Persons to whom Part 1 applies

2 Duty to participate in education or training

Interpretation

3 Level 3 qualification

4 Appropriate full-time education or training

5 Full-time occupation

6 Relevant training or education

7 Relevant period

8 Sufficient relevant training or education

9 Assignment of numbers of hours of guided learning to external qualifications

Chapter 2 Local education authorities and educational institutions etc

Duty to promote fulfilment of duty imposed by section 2

10 Local education authority to promote fulfilment of duty imposed by section 2

Duty to promote good attendance

11 Educational institutions: promotion of good attendance

Duty to identify persons not fulfilling duty imposed by section 2

12 Duty to make arrangements to identify persons not fulfilling duty imposed by section 2

Information

13 Notification of non-compliance with duty imposed by section 2

14 Educational institutions: duty to provide information

15 Supply of social security information

16 Supply of information by public bodies

17 Sharing and use of information held for purposes of support services or functions under this Part

Guidance

18 Guidance

Chapter 3 Employers

Interpretation

19 Contracts to which Chapter applies

20 Appropriate arrangements

Commencement of employment

21 Appropriate arrangements to be in place before employment begins

22 Financial penalty for contravention of section 21

23 Withdrawal or variation of penalty notice given under section 22 following notice of objection

24 Appeal against penalty notice given under section 22

25 Further power to withdraw penalty notice given under section 22

26 Withdrawal or variation of penalty notice given under section 22: further provisions

Employer to enable participation in education or training

27 Duty to enable participation: initial arrangements

28 Duty to enable participation: arrangements subsequently notified

29 Sections 27 and 28: extension for person reaching 18

30 Contravention of section 27 or 28: enforcement notice

31 Financial penalty for non-compliance with enforcement notice given under section 30

32 Withdrawal of enforcement notice given under section 30

33 Withdrawal or variation of penalty notice given under section 31 following notice of objection

34 Appeal against penalty notice given under section 31

35 Further power to withdraw penalty notice given under section 31

36 Withdrawal or variation of penalty notice given under section 31: further provisions

Supplementary

37 Right not to suffer detriment

38 Dismissal to be treated as unfair

39 Other amendments of Employment Rights Act 1996

Chapter 4 Parenting contracts and parenting orders

40 Parenting contracts

41 Parenting orders

42 Parenting orders: supplemental

43 Parenting orders: appeals

44 Parenting contracts and parenting orders: further provisions

Chapter 5 Attendance notices

Initial steps

45 Failure to fulfil duty under section 2: initial steps

Attendance notices

46 Attendance notice

47 Attendance notice: description of education or training

Attendance panel, appeals and variations etc

48 Attendance panel

49 Appeal arrangements

50 Variation and revocation of attendance notice

Failure to comply with attendance notice

51 Offence of failure to comply with attendance notice

52 Restrictions on proceedings for offences under section 51

53 Failure to comply with attendance notice: penalty notice

54 Penalty notices: appeal arrangements

55 Non-participation fines: interpretation

56 Enforcement of non-participation fine etc: person reaching 18

57 Enforcement of non-participation fine etc: fine imposed on person aged 18 or over

58 Enforcement of non-participation fine: further provisions

59 Application of sums recovered by virtue of section 56 or 57

Supplementary

60 Review of initial operation of Chapter

Chapter 6 Miscellaneous

61 Alternative ways of working

62 Crown employment

63 House of Lords staff

64 House of Commons staff

65 Financial penalties

66 Interpretation of Part

67 Corresponding provision for Wales

Part 2
Support for participation in education or training: young adults with learning difficulties and young people in England

68 Support services: provision by local education authorities

69 Directions

70 Local education authorities: supplementary powers

71 Provision of support on conditional basis: learning and support agreements

72 Educational institutions: duty to provide information

73 Educational institutions: access and facilities

74 Internet and telephone support services etc

75 Inspection

76 Supply of social security information relating to young persons

77 Supply of information by public bodies

78 Supplementary

79 Existing functions of Secretary of State

80 Assessments relating to learning difficulties

81 Careers education: information and advice

82 Apprenticeships: functions of Learning and Skills Council for England

83 Provision of transport etc for persons of sixth form age: duty to consider journey times

84 Exercise of travel functions by local education authorities in England: duty to have regard to religion or belief of persons of sixth form age

85 Co-operation as regards provision of 14-19 education and training

Part 3
Adult skills

86 Learning aims for persons aged 19 and over

87 Benefit and training information

88 Revenue and Customs information

89 Use of information

90 Wrongful onward disclosure of information

91 Information: supplementary

Part 4
Regulation and inspection of independent educational provision in England

Chapter 1 Independent educational institutions in England

Introductory

92 Independent educational institutions

93 Application of Chapter to institutions in England only

Standards

94 Independent educational institution standards

Requirement of registration

95 The register

96 Unregistered independent educational institutions: offence

97 Unregistered independent educational institutions: inspection

Registration procedure

98 Applications for registration

99 Determination of applications for registration

100 Institutions no longer required to register: power to deregister

Approval of material changes to registered details

101 “Material change”

102 Requirement to apply for approval for material change

103 Inspection and report where applications made for approval

104 Determination of applications for approval

105 Power to deregister institution that makes unapproved material change

Independent inspectorates

106 Independent inspectorates

107 Quality assurance of independent inspectorates

Inspections and reports

108 Duty to inspect certain registered institutions at prescribed intervals

109 Duty to inspect registered institution on direction of Secretary of State

110 Inspections under this Chapter: power of entry etc

111 Fees for inspections by Chief Inspector under this Chapter

112 Failure to pay fees

113 Publication of inspection reports

Failure to meet standards

114 Action plans

115 Power of Secretary of State to take enforcement action

116 Enforcement action available to Secretary of State

117 “Relevant restriction”

118 Relevant restriction imposed by Secretary of State: supplementary

Unsuitable persons

119 Unsuitable persons

Emergencies

120 Application to justice of the peace for order

121 Relevant restriction imposed by justice of the peace: supplementary

122 Order of justice of the peace: notification

Provision of information by proprietors

123 Provision of information by proprietors

Appeals

124 Appeal by proprietor against decision of Secretary of State to deregister

125 Appeal by proprietor against other decisions of Secretary of State

126 Appeal by proprietor against order of justice of the peace

127 Relevant restriction imposed by Tribunal: supplementary

Prohibition on participation in management of independent educational institutions

128 Prohibition on participation in management

129 Directions under section 128: appeals

130 Directions under section 128: information

131 Directions under section 128: notification

Independent colleges for 16 to 18 year olds

132 Providers of independent education or training for 16 to 18 year olds

133 Regulations under section 132: supplementary

Supplementary

134 Proceedings for offences

135 Offences by bodies corporate

136 Offences by unincorporated bodies

137 Service of notice etc

138 Interpretation of Chapter

Transitional provision

139 Continuity of the law

140 The register and fees

141 Prohibition on participation in management

Chapter 2 Schools providing for special educational needs

Non-maintained special schools in England

142 Interpretation

143 Right of sixth-form pupils to opt out of religious worship

144 Protection of pupils in an emergency

145 Appeals

Independent schools in England

146 Abolition of requirement of approval for independent schools: England

147 Approval of independent schools: consequential amendments

148 Approval of independent schools: transitional provision

Part 5
Miscellaneous and general

Chapter 1 Powers of National Assembly for Wales

149 Powers of National Assembly for Wales

Chapter 2 Miscellaneous

School admissions

150 Sixth form admissions etc

151 Admission arrangements

152 Sixth form admissions etc: appeals

153 School admissions: supplementary

Maintained schools in England: behaviour and attendance etc

154 Power of governing body: educational provision for improving behaviour

155 Application of s.444 of Education Act 1996 to alternative education provision

Maintained schools in England: assessment arrangements

156 National Curriculum for England: duty to implement assessment arrangements

Maintained schools: pupils’ views

157 Governing bodies of maintained schools to invite and consider pupils’ views

158 Consultation of pupils: existing functions

External qualifications

159 Approved external qualifications: England

160 Approved external qualifications: Wales

161 Functions of Qualifications and Curriculum Authority in England and Northern Ireland

162 Functions of Welsh Ministers etc

163 Functions of Qualifications and Curriculum Authority in Northern Ireland in relation to vocational qualifications

Inspections of teacher training

164 Inspections of teacher training in England: removal of duty to notify

Schools forums

165 Constitution of schools forums

Chapter 3 General

166 Orders and regulations

167 Functions to be exercisable by Welsh Ministers

168 General interpretation

169 Minor and consequential amendments, repeals and revocations

170 Power to make consequential and transitional provision etc.

171 Financial provisions

172 Extent

173 Commencement

174 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Minor and consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 2 Repeals and revocations

Part 1Duty to participate in education or training: England

Chapter 2Local education authorities and educational institutions etc

Duty to promote fulfilment of duty imposed by section 2

10Local education authority to promote fulfilment of duty imposed by section 2

A local education authority in England must ensure that its functions are (so far as they are capable of being so exercised) exercised so as to promote the effective participation in education or training of persons belonging to its area to whom this Part applies with a view to ensuring that those persons fulfil the duty imposed by section 2.

Duty to promote good attendance

11Educational institutions: promotion of good attendance

(1)

The governing body of an institution in England to which this section applies must exercise its functions (so far as they are capable of being so exercised) so as to promote the participation, through regular attendance, of persons to whom this Part applies and for whom the institution provides education or training in that education or training.

(2)

This section applies to—

(a)

a community, foundation or voluntary school;

(b)

a community or foundation special school;

(c)

a pupil referral unit;

(d)

an institution within the further education sector.

(3)

For the purposes of this section, “governing body”—

(a)

in relation to a pupil referral unit maintained by a local education authority, means any management committee established for the unit by virtue of paragraph 15 of Schedule 1 to the Education Act 1996 (c. 56) or, if there is no such committee, the authority, and

(b)

in relation to an institution within the further education sector has the meaning given by section 90 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 (c. 13).

Duty to identify persons not fulfilling duty imposed by section 2

12Duty to make arrangements to identify persons not fulfilling duty imposed by section 2

A local education authority in England must make arrangements to enable it to establish (so far as it is possible to do so) the identities of persons belonging to its area to whom this Part applies but who are failing to fulfil the duty imposed by section 2.

Information

13Notification of non-compliance with duty imposed by section 2

(1)

Where—

(a)

arrangements have been made for a person to whom this Part applies to participate in education or training provided by an educational institution in England,

(b)

the person is not participating in that education or training at a time when the arrangements call for the person to be so participating, and

(c)

the responsible person has reasonable cause to believe that in consequence of that failure to participate the person is failing to fulfil the duty imposed by section 2,

the responsible person must give notice to the appropriate service provider of those circumstances.

(2)

Where a local education authority—

(a)

itself provides services in exercise of its functions under section 68(1), and

(b)

receives a notice under subsection (1) relating to a person to whom this Part applies who belongs to the area of another local education authority,

it must as soon as reasonably practicable give notice to the service provider for the other local education authority of the circumstances notified to it under subsection (1).

(3)

Subsection (4) applies where, in exercise of its functions under section 68(3)(b), a local education authority makes arrangements with another person (“the provider”) for the provision of services.

(4)

The arrangements must secure that, as soon as reasonably practicable after receiving a notice under subsection (1) relating to a person to whom this Part applies who belongs to the area of another local education authority, the provider gives notice to the service provider for the other local education authority of the circumstances notified to the provider under subsection (1).

(5)

In this section—

“educational institution” means—

(a)

a community, foundation or voluntary school,

(b)

a community or foundation special school,

(c)

a city technology college, a city college for the technology of the arts or an Academy,

(d)

a pupil referral unit,

(e)

an institution within the further education sector, or

(f)

an institution in receipt of funding from the Learning and Skills Council for England;

“responsible person” means—

(a)

in relation to a school within paragraph (a) or (b) of the definition of “educational institution”, the governing body;

(b)

in relation to an institution within paragraph (c) or (f) of that definition, the proprietor;

(c)

in relation to a pupil referral unit, the local education authority by which it is maintained;

(d)

in relation to an institution within the further education sector, the governing body within the meaning given by section 90 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 (c. 13);

“service provider”, in relation to a local education authority, means—

(a)

where the authority itself provides services in exercise of its functions under subsection (1) of section 68, the authority;

(b)

where, in exercise of its functions under subsection (3)(b) of that section, the authority makes arrangements for the provision of services, the person providing those services;

“the appropriate service provider”, in relation to an educational institution, means the service provider of the local education authority in whose area the institution is situated.

14Educational institutions: duty to provide information

(1)

Relevant information about a pupil or student—

(a)

who is attending an educational institution in England, and

(b)

to whom this Part applies,

must, on request by a local education authority in England, be provided by the responsible person to the authority.

(2)

A local education authority may request information under subsection (1) only for the purpose of enabling or assisting it to exercise its functions under this Part.

(3)

For the purpose of subsection (1), “relevant information” means—

(a)

the name, address and date of birth of the pupil or student;

(b)

the name and address of a parent of the pupil or student;

(c)

information in the institution’s possession about the pupil or student.

(4)

Information within subsection (3)(c) must not be provided under subsection (1) if—

(a)

the pupil or student concerned, in the case of a pupil or student who has attained the age of 16, or

(b)

a parent of the pupil or student concerned, in the case of a pupil or student who has not attained the age of 16,

has instructed the responsible person not to provide information of that kind under this section.

(5)

In this section, “educational institution” and “responsible person” have the same meanings as in section 13.

15Supply of social security information

(1)

Social security information may be supplied to a local education authority in England for the purpose of enabling or assisting the authority to exercise its functions under this Part.

(2)

In this section “social security information” means personal information about a person which is held for the purposes of functions relating to social security—

(a)

by the Secretary of State, or

(b)

by a person providing services to the Secretary of State in connection with the provision of those services.

(3)

For the purposes of subsection (2) “personal information”, in relation to a person, means—

(a)

the person’s name, address and date of birth, and

(b)

the name and address of a parent of the person.

(4)

A person to whom information is supplied under subsection (1) commits an offence by disclosing the information unless the disclosure is made—

(a)

for the purpose of enabling or assisting the exercise of any function of a local education authority under this Part,

(b)

for the purpose of the provision of services in pursuance of section 68 or 70(1)(b),

(c)

in accordance with section 17 or any other enactment or an order of a court or tribunal,

(d)

for the purpose of actual or contemplated proceedings before a court or tribunal,

(e)

with consent given by or on behalf of the person to whom the information relates, or

(f)

in such a way as to prevent the identification of the person to whom it relates.

(5)

It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under this section relating to a disclosure to prove that the person reasonably believed that the disclosure was lawful.

(6)

A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—

(a)

on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, to a fine or to both, or

(b)

on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both.

(7)

In subsection (6)(b) the reference to 12 months is to be read in relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section 282 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44) (increase in maximum term that may be imposed on summary conviction of offence triable either way) as a reference to 6 months.

16Supply of information by public bodies

(1)

Any of the persons or bodies mentioned in subsection (2) may supply information about a person to a local education authority in England for the purpose of enabling or assisting the authority to exercise its functions under this Part.

(2)

Those persons and bodies are—

(a)

a local authority,

(b)

the Learning and Skills Council for England,

(c)

a Primary Care Trust,

(d)

a Strategic Health Authority,

(e)

a chief officer of police,

(f)

a provider of probation services,

(g)

a local probation board, and

(h)

a youth offending team.

(3)

In this section—

“local probation board” means a local probation board established under section 4 of the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 (c. 43);

“youth offending team” means a team established under section 39 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c. 37).

17Sharing and use of information held for purposes of support services or functions under this Part

(1)

Any persons within subsection (2) may provide relevant information to each other.

(2)

Those persons are—

(a)

a local education authority in England, and

(b)

a service provider of that authority.

(3)

Information provided under subsection (1) may only be used by the person to whom it is provided for a purpose which is a relevant purpose in relation to that person.

(4)

A local education authority in England may use relevant information held by it for any relevant purpose.

(5)

A local education authority in England may provide relevant information to any other such authority for a purpose which is a relevant purpose in relation to that other authority.

(6)

A service provider of a local education authority in England may provide relevant information to any other service provider of that or any other such authority for a purpose which is a relevant purpose in relation to that other service provider.

(7)

In this section—

“relevant information”, in relation to a person providing or holding information, means information which—

(a)

is held by the person for a relevant purpose, and

(b)

is about a young person or a relevant young adult in England;

“relevant purpose”—

(a)

in relation to a local education authority, means the purpose of, or a purpose connected with, the exercise of any function of the authority—

  1. (i)

    under this Part, or

  2. (ii)

    under or by virtue of sections 68 to 78;

(b)

in relation to a service provider of a local education authority (other than the authority in question), means the purpose of providing services of the kind mentioned in section 68(1);

“service provider”, in relation to a local education authority in England, means—

(a)

where the authority itself provides services in exercise of its functions under subsection (1) of section 68, the authority;

(b)

where, in exercise of its functions under subsection (3)(b) of that section, the authority makes arrangements for the provision of services, the person providing those services.

(8)

In subsection (7)—

(a)

“young person” means a person who has attained the age of 13 but not the age of 20, and

(b)

“relevant young adult” means a person who—

(i)

has attained the age of 20 but not the age of 25, and

(ii)

has a learning difficulty;

and subsections (5) and (6) of section 13 of the Learning and Skills Act 2000 (c. 21) (construction of references to learning difficulties) apply for this purpose.

Guidance

18Guidance

In exercising its functions under this Part, a local education authority must have regard to any guidance given by the Secretary of State.