Legislation – Nationality and Borders Act 2022

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Introduction

PART 1
Nationality

1 Historical inability of mothers to transmit citizenship

2 Historical inability of unmarried fathers to transmit citizenship

3 Provision for Chagos Islanders to acquire British Nationality

4 Sections 1 to 3: related British citizenship

5 Period for registration of person born outside the British overseas territories

6 Disapplication of historical registration requirements

7 Citizenship where mother married to someone other than natural father

8 Citizenship: registration in special cases

9 Requirements for naturalisation etc

10 Notice of decision to deprive a person of citizenship

11 Citizenship: stateless minors

PART 2
Asylum

12 Differential treatment of refugees

13 Accommodation for asylum-seekers etc

14 Requirement to make asylum claim at “designated place”

15 Asylum claims by EU nationals: inadmissibility

16 Asylum claims by persons with connection to safe third State: inadmissibility

17 Clarification of basis for support where asylum claim inadmissible

18 Provision of evidence in support of protection or human rights claim

19 Asylum or human rights claim: damage to claimant’s credibility

20 Priority removal notices

21 Priority removal notices: supplementary

22 Late compliance with priority removal notice: damage to credibility

23 Priority removal notices: expedited appeals

24 Expedited appeals: joining of related appeals

25 Civil legal services for recipients of priority removal notices

26 Late provision of evidence in asylum or human rights claim: weight

27 Accelerated detained appeals

28 Claims certified as clearly unfounded: removal of right of appeal

29 Removal of asylum seeker to safe country

30 Refugee Convention: general

31 Article 1(A)(2): persecution

32 Article 1(A)(2): well-founded fear

33 Article 1(A)(2): reasons for persecution

34 Article 1(A)(2): protection from persecution

35 Article 1(A)(2): internal relocation

36 Article 1(F): disapplication of Convention in case of serious crime etc

37 Article 31(1): immunity from penalties

38 Article 33(2): particularly serious crime

39 Interpretation of Part 2

PART 3
Immigration Control

40 Illegal entry and similar offences

41 Assisting unlawful immigration or asylum seeker

42 Penalty for failure to secure goods vehicle

43 Working in United Kingdom waters: arrival and entry

44 Power to search container unloaded from ship or aircraft

45 Maritime enforcement

46 Removals: notice requirements

47 Prisoners liable to removal from the United Kingdom

48 Matters relevant to decisions relating to immigration bail

PART 4
Age Assessments

49 Interpretation of Part etc

50 Persons subject to immigration control: referral or assessment by local authority etc

51 Persons subject to immigration control: assessment for immigration purposes

52 Use of scientific methods in age assessments

53 Regulations about age assessments

54 Appeals relating to age assessments

55 Appeals relating to age assessments: supplementary

56 New information following age assessment or appeal

57 Civil legal services relating to age assessments

PART 5
Modern Slavery

58 Provision of information relating to being a victim of slavery or human trafficking

59 Late compliance with slavery or trafficking information notice: damage to credibility

60 Identification of potential victims of slavery or human trafficking

61 Identified potential victims of slavery or human trafficking: recovery period

62 No entitlement to additional recovery period etc

63 Identified potential victims etc: disqualification from protection

64 Identified potential victims etc in England and Wales: assistance and support

65 Leave to remain for victims of slavery or human trafficking

66 Civil legal services under section 9 of LASPO: add-on services in relation to the national referral mechanism

67 Civil legal services under section 10 of LASPO: add-on services in relation to national referral mechanism

68 Disapplication of retained EU law deriving from Trafficking Directive

69 Part 5: interpretation

PART 6
Miscellaneous

70 Visa penalty provision: general

71 Visa penalties for countries posing risk to international peace and security etc

72 Removals from the UK: visa penalties for uncooperative countries

73 Visa penalties under section 71: review and revocation

74 Visa penalties under section 72: review and revocation

75 Electronic travel authorisations

76 Liability of carriers

77 Special Immigration Appeals Commission

78 Counter-terrorism questioning of detained entrants away from place of arrival

79 References to justices of the peace in relation to Northern Ireland

80 Tribunal charging power in respect of wasted resources

81 Tribunal Procedure Rules to be made in respect of costs orders etc

82 Pre-consolidation amendments of immigration legislation

PART 7
General

83 Financial provision

84 Transitional and consequential provision

85 Regulations

86 Extent

87 Commencement

88 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Waiver of requirement of presence in UK etc

SCHEDULE 2 Deprivation of Citizenship without notice: judicial oversight

SCHEDULE 3 Expedited appeals where priority removal notice served: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 4 Removal of asylum seeker to safe country

SCHEDULE 5 Penalty for failure to secure goods vehicle etc

SCHEDULE 6 Working in United Kingdom waters: consequential and related amendments

SCHEDULE 7 Maritime enforcement

SCHEDULE 8 Prisoners returning to the UK: Modifications of Criminal Justice Act 2003

Changes to legislation:

Nationality and Borders Act 2022, Section 46 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 28 March 2026. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Help about Changes to Legislation

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PART 3Immigration Control

Removals

46Removals: notice requirements

(1)

Section 10 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (removal of persons unlawfully in the United Kingdom) is amended as set out in subsections (2) to (6).

(2)

In subsection (1)—

(a)

for “may be removed” substitute “is liable to removal”;

(b)

omit “under the authority of the Secretary of State or an immigration officer”.

(3)

For subsection (2) substitute—

“(2)

Where a person (“P”) is liable to removal, or has been removed, from the United Kingdom under this section, a member of P’s family who meets the following three conditions is also liable to removal from the United Kingdom, provided that the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the family member written notice of the fact that they are liable to removal.”

(4)

After subsection (6) insert—

“(6A)

A person who is liable to removal from the United Kingdom under this section may be removed only under the authority of the Secretary of State or an immigration officer and in accordance with sections 10A to 10E.”

(5)

In subsection (7), for “subsection (1) or (2)” substitute “this section”.

(6)

In subsection (10)—

(a)

in paragraph (a), for “subsection (2)” substitute “this section”;

(b)

in paragraph (b), at the end insert “or sections 10A to 10E”.

(7)

After that section insert—

“10ARemoval: general notice requirements

(1)

This section applies to a person who is liable to removal under section 10; but see sections 10C to 10E for the circumstances in which such a person may be removed otherwise than in accordance with this section.

(2)

The person may be removed if—

(a)

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the person—

(i)

a notice of intention to remove (see subsection (3)), and

(ii)

a notice of departure details (see subsection (4)), and

(b)

any notice period has expired.

(3)

A notice of intention to remove is a written notice which—

(a)

states that the person is to be removed,

(b)

sets out the notice period, (see subsection (7)), and

(c)

states the destination to which the person is to be removed.

(4)

A notice of departure details under this section is a written notice which—

(a)

states the date on which the person is to be removed,

(b)

states the destination to which the person is to be removed and any stops that are expected to be made on the way to that destination, and

(c)

if subsection (6) applies, sets out the notice period (see subsection (7)).

(5)

The notice of intention to remove and the notice of departure details may be combined.

(6)

This subsection applies if the notice of departure details states, under subsection (4)(b)—

(a)

a destination which is different to the destination stated under subsection (3)(c) in the notice of intention to remove, or

(b)

any stops that were not stated in the notice of intention to remove, other than a stop in—

(i)

the United Kingdom, or

(ii)

a country that is for the time being specified in Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004.

(7)

The notice period must be no shorter than the period of five working days beginning with the day after the day on which the person is given the notice.

(8)

At any time before the person is removed, the Secretary of State or an immigration officer may replace a notice of departure details under this section.

(9)

This section is subject to section 10B (failed removals).

(10)

In this section “working day” means a day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday or a bank holiday under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 in the part of the United Kingdom where the person is when they are given the notice.

10BFailed removals

(1)

This section applies where as a result of matters reasonably beyond the control of the Secretary of State, such as—

(a)

adverse weather conditions,

(b)

technical faults or other issues causing delays to transport, or

(c)

disruption by the person to be removed or others,

a person is not removed from the United Kingdom on the date stated in a notice of departure details under section 10A (“the original notice”).

(2)

The person may be removed from the United Kingdom if—

(a)

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the person a notice of departure details (see subsection (3)), and

(b)

they are removed before the end of the period of 21 days beginning with the date stated in the original notice.

(3)

A notice of departure details under this section is a written notice which—

(a)

states the date on which the person is to be removed, and

(b)

states the destination to which the person is to be removed and any stops that are expected to be made on the way to that destination.

(4)

But this section does not apply if the notice under subsection (3) states, under subsection (3)(b)—

(a)

a destination which is different to the destination stated in the original notice, or

(b)

any stops that were not stated in the original notice, other than a stop in—

(i)

the United Kingdom, or

(ii)

a country that is for the time being specified in Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004.

(5)

At any time before the person is removed, the Secretary of State or an immigration officer may replace a notice of departure details under this section.

10CRemoval: notice requirements in port cases

(1)

This section applies to a person who is liable to removal under section 10 if the person was refused leave to enter upon their arrival in the United Kingdom.

(2)

The person may be removed if—

(a)

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the person a notice of departure details under this section which—

(i)

states the date on which the person is to be removed, and

(ii)

states the destination to which the person is to be removed and any stops that are expected to be made on the way to that destination, and

(b)

the date stated under paragraph (a)(i) is a date before the end of the period of seven days beginning with the day after the day on which the person was refused leave to enter.

(3)

At any time before the person is removed, the Secretary of State or an immigration officer may replace a notice of departure details under this section.

10DRemoval: PRN recipients

(1)

This section applies to a person who is liable to removal under section 10 and is a PRN recipient.

(2)

If the person does not make a protection claim or a human rights claim before the PRN cut-off date, the person may be removed from the United Kingdom if—

(a)

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the person a notice of departure details (see subsection (4)), and

(b)

they are removed before the end of the period of 21 days beginning with the day after the PRN cut-off date.

(3)

If the PRN recipient makes a protection claim or a human rights claim, the person may be removed from the United Kingdom if—

(a)

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the person a notice of departure details (see subsection (4)),

(b)

their appeal rights are exhausted, and

(c)

they are removed before the end of the period of 21 days beginning with the day after the date on which their appeal rights are exhausted;

and for the purposes of this subsection, whether a PRN recipient’s appeal rights are exhausted is to be determined in accordance with section 21(3) of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 (and see, in particular, section 82A of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002).

(4)

A notice of departure details under this section is a written notice which—

(a)

states the date on which the person is to be removed,

(b)

states the destination to which the person is to be removed and any stops that are expected to be made on the way to that destination.

(5)

But this section does not apply unless the priority removal notice stated—

(a)

a destination to which the person is to be removed which is the same as the destination stated in the notice of departure details under subsection (4)(b), and

(b)

stops, other than stops falling within subsection (6), that are expected to be made on the way to that destination which are the same as those stated in the notice of departure details under subsection (4)(b).

(6)

A stop falls within this subsection if it is a stop in—

(a)

the United Kingdom, or

(b)

a country that is for the time being specified in Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004.

(7)

At any time before the person is removed, the Secretary of State or an immigration officer may replace a notice of departure details under this section.

(8)

For the purposes of this section and section 10E—

priority removal notice”, “PRN cut-off date” and “PRN recipient” have the same meaning as in section 20 of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022;

protection claim” and “human rights claim” have the same meaning as in Part 5 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002.

10ERemoval: judicial review

(1)

This section applies to a person (whether or not they are a PRN recipient) who is liable to removal under section 10 where—

(a)

the person has made an application for judicial review or (in Scotland) an application to the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of Session, relating to their removal, and

(b)

a court or tribunal has made a decision the effect of which is that the person may be removed from the United Kingdom.

(2)

The person may be removed from the United Kingdom if—

(a)

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer has given the person a notice of departure details (see subsection (3)), and

(b)

they are removed before the end of the period of 21 days beginning with the day after the day on which the court or tribunal made the decision mentioned in subsection (1)(b).

(3)

A notice of departure details under this section is a written notice which—

(a)

states the date on which the person is to be removed,

(b)

states the destination to which the person is to be removed and any stops that are expected to be made on the way to that destination.

(4)

But this section does not apply unless the person has received a priority removal notice or a notice of intention to remove under section 10A(3) which stated—

(a)

a destination to which the person is to be removed which is the same as the destination stated in the notice of departure details under subsection (3)(b), and

(b)

stops, other than stops falling within subsection (5), that are expected to be made on the way to that destination which are the same as those stated in the notice of departure details under subsection (3)(b).

(5)

A stop falls within this subsection if it is a stop in—

(a)

the United Kingdom, or

(b)

a country that is for the time being specified in Part 2 of Schedule 3 to the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004.

(6)

At any time before the person is removed, the Secretary of State or an immigration officer may replace a notice of departure details under this section.”

(8)

In Schedule 10 to the Immigration Act 2016 (immigration bail), in paragraph 3(4) (bail not to be granted to person subject to removal directions without consent of Secretary of State), in paragraph (b) for “14” substitute “21”.