Legislation – Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015

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Introduction

PART 1
Criminal Justice

1 Maximum sentence for certain offences to be life imprisonment

2 Specified offences

3 Schedule 15B offences

4 Parole Board release when serving extended sentences

5 Minor amendments

6 Sentence and Parole Board release for offenders of particular concern

7 Electronic monitoring following release on licence etc

8 Recall adjudicators

9 Test for release after recall: determinate sentences

10 Power to change test for release after recall: determinate sentences

11 Initial release and release after recall: life sentences

12 Offence of remaining unlawfully at large after recall

13 Offence of remaining unlawfully at large after temporary release

14 Definition of “requisite custodial period”

15 Minor amendments and transitional cases

16 Drugs for which prisoners may be tested

17 Restrictions on use of cautions

18 Restrictions on use of cautions: supplementary

19 Alternatives to prosecution: rehabilitation of offenders in Scotland

20 Ill-treatment or wilful neglect: care worker offence

21 Ill-treatment or wilful neglect: care provider offence

22 Care provider offence: excluded care providers

23 Care provider offence: penalties

24 Care provider offence: application to unincorporated associations

25 Care provider offence: liability for ancillary and other offences

26 Corrupt or other improper exercise of police powers and privileges

27 Term of imprisonment for murder of police or prison officer

28 Minimum sentence for repeat offences involving offensive weapons etc

29 Offences committed by disqualified drivers

30 Extension of disqualification from driving where custodial sentence also imposed

31 Mutual recognition of driving disqualification in and Republic of Ireland

32 Sending letters etc with intent to cause distress or anxiety

33 Disclosing , or threatening to disclose, private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress

34 Meaning of “disclose” and “photograph or film”

35 Meaning of “private” and “sexual”

36 Meeting a child following sexual grooming etc

37 Possession of pornographic images of rape and assault by penetration

PART 2
Young offenders

38 Secure colleges and other places for detention of young offenders etc

39 Contracting out secure colleges

40 Powers of Youth Justice Board in relation to provision of accommodation

41 Youth cautions and conditional cautions: involvement of appropriate adults

42 Duties of custody officer after charge: arrested juveniles

43 Referral orders: alternatives to revocation for breach of youth offender contract

44 Referral orders: extension on further conviction

45 Referral orders: revocation on further conviction

PART 3
Courts and tribunals

46 Instituting proceedings by written charge

47 Instituting proceedings: further provision

48 Trial by single justice on the papers

49 Trial by single justice on the papers: sentencing etc

50 Further amendments

51 Offence of improper use of public electronic communications network

52 Low-value shoplifting: mode of trial

53 Committal of young offenders convicted of certain serious offences

54 Criminal courts charge

55 Duty to review criminal courts charge

56 Variation of collection orders etc

57 Personal injury claims: cases of fundamental dishonesty

58 Rules against inducements to make personal injury claims

59 Effect of rules against inducements

60 Inducements: interpretation

61 Inducements: regulations

62 Appeals from the Court of Protection

63 Appeals from the High Court to the Supreme Court

64 Appeals from the Upper Tribunal to the Supreme Court

65 Appeals from the Employment Appeal Tribunal to the Supreme Court

66 Appeals from the Special Immigration Appeals Commission to the Supreme Court

67 Wasted costs in certain civil proceedings

68 Upper age limit for jury service to be 75

69 Jurors and electronic communications devices

70 Jurors and electronic communications devices: powers of search etc

71 Research by jurors

72 Sharing research with other jurors

73 Jurors engaging in other prohibited conduct

74 Disclosing jury’s deliberations

75 Juries at inquests

76 Members of the Court Martial

77 Supplementary provision

78 Lifetime reporting restrictions in criminal proceedings for witnesses and victims under 18

79 Reporting restrictions in proceedings other than criminal proceedings

80 Reporting restrictions: information society services

81 Representations to Parliament by the President of the Supreme Court

82 The supplementary panel of the Supreme Court

83 Minor amendments

PART 4
Judicial review

84 Likelihood of substantially different outcome for applicant

85 Provision of information about financial resources

86 Use of information about financial resources

87 Interveners and costs

88 Capping of costs

89 Capping of costs: orders and their terms

90 Capping of costs: environmental cases

91 Procedure for certain planning challenges

92 Periods of time for certain legal challenges

PART 5
Final provisions

93 Power to make consequential and supplementary provision etc

94 Financial provision

95 Commencement

96 Extent

97 Channel Islands, Isle of Man and British overseas territories

98 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Sentence and Parole Board release for offenders of particular concern

SCHEDULE 2 Electronic monitoring and licences etc: consequential provision

SCHEDULE 3 Recall adjudicators: further provision

SCHEDULE 4 Ill-treatment or wilful neglect: excluded health care

SCHEDULE 5 Minimum sentence for repeat offences involving offensive weapons etc: consequential provision

SCHEDULE 6 Offences committed by disqualified drivers: further amendments

SCHEDULE 7 Mutual recognition of driving disqualification in UK and Republic of Ireland

SCHEDULE 8 Disclosing , or threatening to disclose, private sexual photographs or films: providers of information society services

SCHEDULE 9 Secure colleges etc: further amendments

SCHEDULE 10 Contracting out secure colleges

SCHEDULE 11 Trial by single justice on the papers: further amendments

SCHEDULE 12 Further provision about criminal courts charge

SCHEDULE 13 Juries at inquests

SCHEDULE 14 Members of the Court Martial

SCHEDULE 15 Reporting restrictions: providers of information society services

SCHEDULE 16 Procedure for certain planning challenges

Changes to legislation:

Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015, SCHEDULE 16 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 20 October 2025. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Help about Changes to Legislation

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SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 16Procedure for certain planning challenges

Section 91

Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c. 8)

1

Part 12 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (validity) is amended as follows.

2

In section 284 (validity of development plans and certain orders, decisions and directions)—

(a)

in subsection (1), after paragraph (f) insert“or—

(g)

a relevant costs order made in connection with an order mentioned in subsection (2) or an action mentioned in subsection (3),”, and

(b)

after subsection (3) insert—

“(3A)

In this section, “relevant costs order” means an order made under section 250(5) of the Local Government Act 1972 (orders as to costs of parties), as applied by virtue of any provision of this Act.”

3

(1)

Section 287 (proceedings for questioning validity of development plans and certain schemes and orders) is amended as follows.

(2)

After subsection (2) insert—

“(2A)

An application under this section may not be made without the leave of the High Court.

(2B)

An application for leave for the purposes of subsection (2A) must be made before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the day after the relevant date.”

(3)

After subsection (3) insert—

“(3ZA)

An interim order has effect—

(a)

if made on an application for leave, until the final determination of—

(i)

the question of whether leave should be granted, or

(ii)

where leave is granted, the proceedings on any application under this section made with such leave;

(b)

in any other case, until the proceedings are finally determined.”

(4)

Omit subsections (3C) and (4).

(5)

In subsection (5), for “subsection (4)” substitute
subsection (2B)
.

(6)

After subsection (5) insert—

“(5A)

References in this Act to an application under this section do not include an application for leave for the purposes of subsection (2A).”

4

(1)

Section 288 (proceedings for questioning validity of other orders, decisions and directions) is amended as follows.

(2)

After subsection (1) insert—

“(1A)

If a person is aggrieved by a relevant costs order made in connection with an order or action to which this section applies and wishes to question its validity, the person may make an application to the High Court under this section (whether or not as part of an application made by virtue of subsection (1)) on the grounds—

(a)

that the relevant costs order is not within the powers of this Act, or

(b)

that any of the relevant requirements have not been complied with in relation to the order.”

(3)

In subsection (2)—

(a)

after “subsection (1)” (in the first place) insert
or (1A)
,

(b)

after “applies,” (in the second place) insert
or with any relevant costs order,
, and

(c)

after “subsection (1)” (in the second place) insert
or (1A) (as the case may be)
.

(4)

Omit subsection (3).

(5)

After subsection (4) insert—

“(4A)

An application under this section may not be made without the leave of the High Court.

(4B)

An application for leave for the purposes of subsection (4A) must be made before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the day after—

(a)

in the case of an application relating to an order under section 97 that takes effect under section 99 without confirmation, the date on which the order takes effect;

(b)

in the case of an application relating to any other order to which this section applies, the date on which the order is confirmed;

(c)

in the case of an application relating to an action to which this section applies, the date on which the action is taken;

(d)

in the case of an application relating to a relevant costs order, the date on which the order is made.

(4C)

When considering whether to grant leave for the purposes of subsection (4A), the High Court may, subject to subsection (6), make an interim order suspending the operation of any order or action the validity of which the person or authority concerned wishes to question, until the final determination of—

(a)

the question of whether leave should be granted, or

(b)

where leave is granted, the proceedings on any application under this section made with such leave.”

(6)

In subsection (5)—

(a)

in paragraph (a), for “the order or action” substitute
any order or action
, and

(b)

in paragraph (b), for “the order or action in question” substitute
any such order or action
.

(7)

For subsection (6) substitute—

“(6)

The High Court may not suspend a tree preservation order under subsection (4C) or (5)(a).”

(8)

In subsection (7), after “subsection” insert
(4C) or
.

(9)

For subsection (9) substitute—

“(9)

In this section—

relevant costs order” has the same meaning as in section 284;

“the relevant requirements”—

(a)

in relation to any order or action to which this section applies, means any requirements of this Act or of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992, or of any order, regulations or rules made under either of those Acts, which are applicable to that order or action;

(b)

in relation to a relevant costs order, means any requirements of this Act, of the Local Government Act 1972 or of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992, or of any order, regulations or rules made under any of those Acts, which are applicable to the relevant costs order.”

(10)

After subsection (10) insert—

“(11)

References in this Act to an application under this section do not include an application for leave for the purposes of subsection (4A).”

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9)

5

In section 62 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (validity of certain orders and decisions)—

(a)

in subsection (1), after paragraph (b) insert“or

(c)

a relevant costs order made in connection with any such order or decision,”, and

(b)

after subsection (2) insert—

“(2A)

In this section, “relevant costs order” means an order made under section 250(5) of the Local Government Act 1972 (orders as to costs of parties), as applied by virtue of any provision of this Act.”

6

(1)

Section 63 of that Act (proceedings for questioning validity of other orders, decisions and directions) is amended as follows.

(2)

In subsection (1), for “section 62(1)” substitute
section 62(1)(a) or (b)
.

(3)

After subsection (1) insert—

“(1A)

If a person is aggrieved by a relevant costs order made in connection with an order or decision mentioned in section 62(1)(a) or (b) and wishes to question its validity, the person may make an application to the High Court under this section (whether or not as part of an application made by virtue of subsection (1)) on the grounds—

(a)

that the relevant costs order is not within the powers of this Act, or

(b)

that any of the relevant requirements have not been complied with in relation to the order.”

(4)

In subsection (2)—

(a)

after “subsection (1)” insert
or (1A)
,

(b)

for “such order or decision” substitute
order or decision mentioned in section 62(1)
, and

(c)

for “those grounds” substitute
the grounds mentioned in subsection (1) or (1A) (as the case may be)
.

(5)

For subsection (3) substitute—

“(3)

An application under this section may not be made without the leave of the High Court.

(3A)

An application for leave for the purposes of subsection (3) must be made before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the day after—

(a)

in the case of an application relating to an order under section 23 that takes effect under section 25 without confirmation, the date on which the order takes effect;

(b)

in the case of an application relating to any other order mentioned in section 62(1)(a), the date on which the order is confirmed;

(c)

in the case of an application relating to a decision mentioned in section 62(1)(b) or a relevant costs order, the date on which the decision or order is made.

(3B)

When considering whether to grant leave for the purposes of subsection (3), the High Court may make an interim order suspending the operation of any order or decision the validity of which the person or authority concerned wishes to question, until the final determination of—

(a)

the question of whether leave should be granted, or

(b)

where leave is granted, the proceedings on any application under this section made with such leave.”

(6)

In subsection (4)—

(a)

after “this section” insert
(other than an application for leave)
,

(b)

in paragraph (a), for “the order or decision” substitute
any order or decision
, and

(c)

in paragraph (b)(i), for “the order or decision” substitute
any such order or decision
.

(7)

For subsection (6) substitute—

“(6)

In this section—

relevant costs order” has the same meaning as in section 62;

“the relevant requirements”—

(a)

in relation to an order or decision mentioned in section 62(1)(a) or (b), means any requirements of this Act or of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992, or of any order, regulations or rules made under either of those Acts, which are applicable to the order or decision;

(b)

in relation to a relevant costs order, means any requirements of this Act, of the Local Government Act 1972 or of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1992, or of any order, regulations or rules made under any of those Acts, which are applicable to the order.”

Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 (c. 10)

7

(1)

Section 22 of the Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 (validity of decisions as to applications) is amended as follows.

(2)

In subsections (1) and (2), omit “within six weeks from the date on which the decision is taken”.

(3)

After subsection (2) insert—

“(2A)

An application under this section may not be made without the leave of the High Court.

(2B)

An application for leave for the purposes of subsection (2A) must be made before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the day after the date on which the decision to which the application relates is taken.

(2C)

When considering whether to grant leave for the purposes of subsection (2A), the High Court may by interim order suspend the operation of the decision the validity of which the person or authority concerned wishes to question, until the final determination of—

(a)

the question of whether leave should be granted, or

(b)

where leave is granted, the proceedings on any application under this section made with such leave.”

(4)

In subsection (3), after “section” insert
(other than an application for leave)
.

Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (c. 5)

8

(1)

Section 113 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (validity of strategies, plans and documents) is amended as follows.

(2)

After subsection (3) insert—

“(3A)

An application may not be made under subsection (3) without the leave of the High Court.

(3B)

An application for leave for the purposes of subsection (3A) must be made before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the day after the relevant date.”

(3)

Omit subsection (4).

(4)

After subsection (5) insert—

“(5A)

An interim order has effect—

(a)

if made on an application for leave, until the final determination of—

(i)

the question of whether leave should be granted, or

(ii)

where leave is granted, the proceedings on any application under this section made with such leave;

(b)

in any other case, until the proceedings are finally determined.”

(5)

Omit subsection (8).