Legislation – Welfare Reform Act 2012

Part 1
Universal credit

CHAPTER 1 Entitlement and awards

1 Universal credit

4 Basic conditions

5 Financial conditions

6 Restrictions on entitlement

7 Basis of awards

8 Calculation of awards

Elements of an award

9 Standard allowance

10 Responsibility for children and young persons

11 Housing costs

12 Other particular needs or circumstances

CHAPTER 2 Claimant responsibilities

13 Work-related requirements: introductory

14 Claimant commitment

Work-related requirements

15 Work-focused interview requirement

16 Work preparation requirement

17 Work search requirement

18 Work availability requirement

Application of work-related requirements

19 Claimants subject to no work-related requirements

20 Claimants subject to work-focused interview requirement only

21 Claimants subject to work preparation requirement

22 Claimants subject to all work-related requirements

Work-related requirements: supplementary

23 Connected requirements

24 Imposition of requirements

25 Compliance with requirements

Reduction of benefit

26 Higher-level sanctions

27 Other sanctions

28 Hardship payments

29 Delegation and contracting out

CHAPTER 3 Supplementary and general

Supplementary and consequential

30 Supplementary regulation-making powers

31 Supplementary and consequential amendments

32 Power to make supplementary and consequential provision etc

Universal credit and other benefits

33 Abolition of benefits

34 Universal credit and state pension credit

35 Universal credit and working-age benefits

36 Migration to universal credit

37 Capability for work or work-related activity

40 Interpretation of Part 1

41 Pilot schemes

42 Regulations: general

43 Regulations: procedure

Part 2
Working-age benefits

CHAPTER 1 Jobseeker’s allowance

Claimant responsibilities for interim period

44 Claimant commitment for jobseeker’s allowance

47 Procedure for regulation-making powers

48 Consequential amendments

Claimant responsibilities after introduction of universal credit

49 Claimant responsibilities for jobseeker’s allowance

CHAPTER 2 Employment and support allowance

Conditions of entitlement

50 Dual entitlement

51 Period of entitlement to contributory allowance

52 Further entitlement after time-limiting

53 Condition relating to youth

Claimant responsibilities for interim period

54 Claimant commitment for employment and support allowance

55 Work experience etc

56 Hardship payments

Claimant responsibilities after introduction of universal credit

57 Claimant responsibilities for employment and support allowance

CHAPTER 3 Income support

58 Entitlement of lone parents to income support etc

59 Claimant commitment for income support

CHAPTER 4 Miscellaneous

Claimants dependent on drugs etc

60 Claimants dependent on drugs etc

Entitlement to work

61 Entitlement to work: jobseeker’s allowance

62 Entitlement to work: employment and support allowance

63 Entitlement to work: maternity allowance and statutory payments

Part 3
Other benefit changes

64 Injuries arising before 5 July 1948

65 Persons under 18

67 Restriction on new claims for industrial death benefit

68 Determinations

69 Housing benefit: determination of appropriate maximum

70 Ending of discretionary payments

71 Purposes of discretionary payments

72 Determination of amount or value of budgeting loan

73 External provider social loans and community care grants

74 State pension credit: carers

75 State pension credit: capital limit

76 Calculation of working tax credit

Part 4
Personal independence payment

77 Personal independence payment

78 Daily living component

79 Mobility component

80 Ability to carry out daily living activities or mobility activities

81 Required period condition: further provision

82 Terminal illness

83 Persons of pensionable age

84 No entitlement to daily living component where UK is not competent state

85 Care home residents

86 Hospital in-patients

87 Prisoners and detainees

88 Claims, awards and information

89 Report to Parliament

90 Abolition of disability living allowance

92 Power to make supplementary and consequential provision

93 Transitional

95 Interpretation of Part 4

Part 5
Social security: general

96A Benefit cap: review

97 Benefit cap: supplementary

98 Claims and awards

99 Powers to require information relating to claims and awards

100 Payments to joint claimants

101 Payments on account

102 Power to require consideration of revision before appeal

103 Supersession of decisions of former appellate bodies

104 Electronic communications

105 Recovery of benefit payments

106 Deduction from earnings: other cases

107 Recovery of child benefit and guardian’s allowance

108 Application of Limitation Act 1980

109 Recovery of fines etc by deductions from employment and support allowance

110 Powers to require information relating to investigations

111 Time limits for legal proceedings

112 Prosecution powers of local authorities

113 Penalty in respect of benefit fraud not resulting in overpayment

114 Amount of penalty

115 Period for withdrawal of agreement to pay penalty

116 Civil penalties for incorrect statements and failures to disclose information

117 Benefit offences: disqualifying and sanctionable benefits

118 Benefit offences: period of sanction

119 Benefit offences: sanctions for repeated benefit fraud

120 Loss of tax credits

122 Tax credit fraud: investigation

123 Information-sharing for prevention etc of tax credit fraud

124 Tax credit fraud: prosecution and penalties

125 Unauthorised disclosure of information relating to tax credit offences

126 Tax credits: transfer of functions etc

127 Information-sharing between Secretary of State and HMRC

128 Information-sharing between Secretary of State and DPP

129 Unlawful disclosure of information supplied under section 128

130 Information-sharing in relation to provision of overnight care etc

131 Information-sharing in relation to welfare services etc

132 Unlawful disclosure of information supplied under section 131

133 Sections 130 to 132: supplementary

134 Information-sharing for social security or employment purposes etc

Part 6
Miscellaneous

135 Functions of registration service

136 Supporting maintenance agreements

137 Collection of child support maintenance

138 Indicative maintenance calculations

139 Recovery of child support maintenance by deduction from benefit

141 Review of fees regulations

142 Exclusion from individual voluntary arrangements

143 Standards of decision-making

144 Use of jobcentres by sex industry

145 Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission

146 UK child poverty strategies

Part 7
Final

148 Financial provision

150 Commencement

151 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Universal credit: supplementary regulation-making powers

SCHEDULE 2 Universal credit: amendments

SCHEDULE 3 Abolition of benefits: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 4 Housing credit element of state pension credit

SCHEDULE 5 Universal credit and other working-age benefits

SCHEDULE 6 Migration to universal credit

SCHEDULE 7 Jobseeker’s allowance in interim period: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 8 Social fund discretionary payments: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 9 Personal independence payment: amendments

SCHEDULE 10 Personal independence payment: transitional

SCHEDULE 11 Power to require consideration of revision before appeal

SCHEDULE 12 Supersession of decisions of former appellate bodies

SCHEDULE 13 Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission

SCHEDULE 14 Repeals

Which version?
Latest available (Revised)
Original (As enacted)

Changes to legislation:

Welfare Reform Act 2012, Section 39 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 02 April 2026. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.

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Part 1Universal credit

CHAPTER 3Supplementary and general

General

39Couples

F1F2(1)

In this Part “couple” means—

(a)

two people who are married to, or civil partners of, each other and are members of the same household; or

(b)

two people who are not married to, or civil partners of, each other but are living together F3as if they were a married couple or civil partners.

F4 F5(2)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3)

For the purposes of this section regulations may prescribe—

(a)

circumstances in which the fact that two persons are F6F7married or are civil partners is to be disregarded;

(b)

circumstances in which F8F9two people are to be treated as living together F10as if they were a married couple or civil partners;

(c)

circumstances in which people are to be treated as being or not being members of the same household.