Legislation – Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007

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Introduction

Part 1
Tribunals and Inquiries

Chapter 1 Tribunal judiciary: independence and Senior President

1 Independence of tribunal judiciary

2 Senior President of Tribunals

Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

Establishment

3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal

Members and composition of tribunals

4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal

5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal

6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

6A Certain judges who are also judges of the First-tier Tribunal

7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents

8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate

Review of decisions and appeals

9 Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal

10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal

11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal

11A Finality of decisions by Upper Tribunal about permission to appeal

12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal

13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc.

14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc.

14A Appeal to Supreme Court: grant of certificate by Upper Tribunal

14B Appeal to Supreme Court: permission to appeal

14C Appeal to Supreme Court: exclusions


“Judicial review”

15 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction

16 Application for relief under section 15(1)

17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision

18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1)

19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court

20 Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session

20A Procedural steps where application transferred

21 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction: Scotland

Miscellaneous

22 Tribunal Procedure Rules

23 Practice directions

24 Mediation

25 Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal

26 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places

27 Enforcement

28 Assessors

29 Costs or expenses

29ZA Enabling the public to see and hear proceedings

29ZB Offences of recording or transmission in relation to broadcasting

29ZC Offences of recording or transmitting participation through live link

29ZD Interpretation

CHAPTER 2A Exercise of tribunal functions by authorised persons

29A Meaning of “authorised person” and “judicial office holder”

29B Directions and independence: authorised persons

29C Protection of authorised persons

29D Costs or expenses in legal proceedings: authorised persons

29E Indemnification of authorised persons

Chapter 3 Transfer of tribunal functions

30 Transfer of functions of certain tribunals

31 Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers

32 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Wales

33 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland

34 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern Ireland

35 Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals

36 Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals

37 Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 6

38 Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary

Chapter 4 Administrative matters in respect of certain tribunals

39 The general duty

40 Tribunal staff and services

41 Provision of accommodation

42 Fees

43 Report by Senior President of Tribunals

Chapter 5 Oversight of administrative justice system, tribunals and inquiries

44 The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council

45 Abolition of the Council on Tribunals

Chapter 6 Supplementary

46 Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc.

47 Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare

48 Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions

49 Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural provisions

Part 2
Judicial appointments

50 Judicial appointments: “judicial-appointment eligibility condition”

51 “Relevant qualification” in section 50: further provision

52 Meaning of “gain experience in law” in section 50

53 Transfer from salaried to fee-paid judicial office

54 Continuation of judicial office after normal retirement date

55 Appointment of deputy Circuit judges

56 Appointment of deputy district judges,

57 Deputy, and temporary additional, Masters etc.

58 Appointment of temporary assistants to Judge Advocate General

59 Members and chairmen of certain Appeals Commissions

60 Appointment as Chairman of Law Commission

61 Orders permitting disclosures to Judicial Appointments Commission

Part 3
Enforcement by taking control of goods

Chapter 1 Procedure

62 Enforcement by taking control of goods

63 Enforcement agents

64 Certificates to act as an enforcement agent

65 Common law rules replaced

66 Pre-commencement enforcement not affected

67 Transfer of county court enforcement

68 Magistrates’ courts warrants of control

69 County court warrants of control etc.

70 Power of High Court to stay execution

Chapter 2 Rent arrears recovery

71 Abolition of common law right

72 Commercial rent arrears recovery (CRAR)

73 Landlord

74 Lease

75 Commercial premises

76 Rent

77 The rent recoverable

78 Intervention of the court

79 Use of CRAR after end of lease

80 Agricultural holdings

81 Right to rent from sub-tenant

82 Off-setting payments under a notice

83 Withdrawal and replacement of notices

84 Recovery of sums due and overpayments

85 Contracts for similar rights to be void

86 Amendments

87 Interpretation of Chapter

Chapter 3 General

88 Abolition of Crown preference

89 Application to the Crown

90 Regulations

Part 4
Enforcement of judgments and orders

91 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates

92 Attachment of earnings orders: finding the debtor’s current employer

93 Payment by instalments: making and enforcing charging orders

94 Charging orders: power to set financial thresholds

95 Application for information about action to recover judgment debt

96 Action by the court

97 Departmental information requests

98 Information orders

99 Responding to a departmental information request

100 Information order: required information not held etc.

101 Using the information about the debtor

102 Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure

103 Regulations

104 Interpretation

105 Application and transitional provision

Part 5
Debt management and relief

Chapter 1 Administration orders

106 Administration orders

Chapter 2 Enforcement restriction orders

107 Enforcement restriction orders

Chapter 3 Debt relief orders

108 Debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc.

Chapter 4 Debt management schemes

109 Debt management schemes

110 Debt repayment plans

111 Approval by supervising authority

112 Applications for approval

113 Terms of approval

114 Discharge from specified debts

115 Presentation of bankruptcy petition

116 Remedies other than bankruptcy

117 Charging of interest etc.

118 Stopping supplies of gas or electricity

119 Existing county court proceedings to be stayed

120 Registration of plans

121 Other debt management arrangements in force

122 Right of appeal

123 Dealing with appeals

124 Charges by operator of approved scheme

125 Procedure for termination

126 Terminating an approval

127 Alternatives to termination

128 Effects of end of approval

129 The supervising authority

130 Regulations

131 Main definitions

132 Expressions relating to debts

133 Periods of protection

Part 6
Protection of cultural objects on loan

134 Protected objects

135 Effect of protection

136 Relevant museums and galleries

137 Interpretation

138 Crown application

Part 7
Miscellaneous

139 Enforcement by enforcement officers

140 Supplementary

141 Judicial review: power to substitute decision

142 Recovery of sums payable under compromises involving ACAS

143 Appeals in relation to design rights

Part 8
General

144 Protected functions of the Lord Chancellor

145 Power to make supplementary or other provision

146 Repeals

147 Extent

148 Commencement

149 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Senior President of Tribunals

SCHEDULE 2 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal

SCHEDULE 3 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal

SCHEDULE 4 Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision

SCHEDULE 5 Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

SCHEDULE 6 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36

SCHEDULE 7 Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council

SCHEDULE 8 Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments

SCHEDULE 9 Tribunals: transitional provision

SCHEDULE 10 Amendments relating to judicial appointments

SCHEDULE 11 District judges and deputy district judges

SCHEDULE 12 Taking control of goods

SCHEDULE 13 Taking control of goods: amendments

SCHEDULE 14 Rent arrears recovery: amendments

SCHEDULE 15 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates

SCHEDULE 16 Administration orders: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 17 Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 18 Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 19 Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 20 Debt relief orders: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 21 Regulations under sections 111 and 113

SCHEDULE 22 Compulsory purchase: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 23 Repeals

Changes to legislation:

Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, Chapter 6 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 02 April 2026. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Help about Changes to Legislation

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Part 1Tribunals and Inquiries

Chapter 6Supplementary

46Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc.

(1)

The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (2).

(2)

The provisions are—

  • paragraphs 3(4) and 6(3)(a) of Schedule 2;

  • paragraphs 3(4) and 6(3)(a) of Schedule 3;

  • paragraphs 2(2) and 5(5) of Schedule 4;

  • paragraphs 21(2), 22, 24 and 25(2)(a) of Schedule 5.

(3)

The Lord President of the Court of Session may nominate any of the following to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (4)—

(a)

a judge who is a member of the First or Second Division of the Inner House of the Court of Session;

(b)

the Senior President of Tribunals.

(4)

The provisions are—

  • paragraphs 3(2) and 6(3)(b) of Schedule 2;

  • paragraphs 3(2) and 6(3)(b) of Schedule 3;

  • paragraphs 2(3) and 5(6) of Schedule 4;

  • paragraphs 23, 24, 25(2)(b) and (c) and 28(1)(b) of Schedule 5.

(5)

The Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland may nominate any of the following to exercise any of his functions under the provisions listed in subsection (6)—

(a)

the holder of one of the offices listed in Schedule 1 to the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (c. 26);

(b)

a Lord Justice of Appeal (as defined in section 88 of that Act);

(c)

the Senior President of Tribunals.

(6)

The provisions are—

  • paragraphs 3(3) and 6(3)(c) of Schedule 2;

  • paragraphs 3(3) and 6(3)(c) of Schedule 3;

  • paragraphs 2(4) and 5(7) of Schedule 4;

  • paragraphs 24 and 25(2)(c) of Schedule 5.

F1(7)

In Schedules 2 to 4 “senior judge” means—

(a)

the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,

(b)

the Lord President of the Court of Session,

(c)

the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, or

(d)

the Senior President of Tribunals.

47Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare

(1)

Persons with responsibilities in connection with a courts-related activity, and persons with responsibilities in connection with the corresponding tribunals activity, must co-operate with each other in relation to the carrying-on of those activities.

(2)

In this section “courts-related activity” and “corresponding tribunals activity” are to be read as follows—

(a)

making arrangements for training of judiciary of a territory is a courts-related activity, and the corresponding tribunals activity is making arrangements for training of tribunal members;

(b)

making arrangements for guidance of judiciary of a territory is a courts-related activity, and the corresponding tribunals activity is making arrangements for guidance of tribunal members;

(c)

making arrangements for the welfare of judiciary of a territory is a courts-related activity, and the corresponding tribunals activity is making arrangements for the welfare of tribunal members.

(3)

Subsection (1) applies to a person who has responsibilities in connection with a courts-related activity only if—

(a)

the person is the chief justice of the territory concerned, or

(b)

what the person does in discharging those responsibilities is done (directly or indirectly) on behalf of the chief justice of that territory.

(4)

Subsection (1) applies to a person who has responsibilities in connection with a corresponding tribunals activity only if—

(a)

the person is the Senior President of Tribunals F2or the President of Welsh Tribunals, or

(b)

what the person does in discharging those responsibilities is done (directly or indirectly) on behalf of the Senior President of Tribunals F3or the President of Welsh Tribunals.

(5)

For the purposes of this section—

(a)

territory” means—

(i)

England and Wales,

(ii)

Scotland, or

(iii)

Northern Ireland;

(b)

the “chief justice”—

(i)

of England and Wales is the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,

(ii)

of Scotland is the Lord President of the Court of Session, and

(iii)

of Northern Ireland is the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland;

(c)

a person is a “tribunal member” if the person is—

(i)

a judge, or other member, of the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal,

(ii)

a judge, or other member, of the Employment Appeal Tribunal,F4 or

(iii)

a member of a panel of members of employment tribunals (whether or not a panel of F5Employment Judges), F6. . .

(iv)

F6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F7, or

(v)

a judge, or other member, of a tribunal listed in section 59 of the Wales Act 2017 (the Welsh tribunals).

48Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions

(1)

Schedule 8, which makes—

  • amendments consequential on provisions of this Part, and

  • other amendments in connection with tribunals and inquiries,

has effect.

(2)

Schedule 9, which contains transitional provisions, has effect.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I2S. 48 partly in force; s. 48 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 148; s. 48(1) in force for certain purposes at 19.9.2007, 1.11.2007, 1.12.2007 and 1.6.2008 and s. 48(2) in force for certain further purposes at 19.9.2007 by S.I. 2007/2709, arts. 2(c)(d), 3(b), 4, 6(b); s. 48(1) in force for certain further purposes at 21.7.2008 by S.I. 2008/1653, art. 2(a) (with arts. 3, 4); s. 48(1)(2) in force at 3.8.2008 and at 1.4.2009 for certain further purposes by S.I. 2008/2696, arts. 5(c)(d), 6(b)

I3S. 48(1) in force at 19.8.2013 for specified purposes by S.I. 2013/2043, art. 2

49Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural provisions

(1)

Power—

(a)

of the Lord Chancellor to make an order, or regulations, under this Part,

(b)

of the Senior President of Tribunals to make an order under section 7(9), or

(c)

of the Scottish Ministers, or the Welsh Ministers, to make an order under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7,

is exercisable by statutory instrument.

(2)

The Statutory Instruments Act 1946 (c. 36) shall apply in relation to the power to make orders conferred on the Senior President of Tribunals by section 7(9) as if the Senior President of Tribunals were a Minister of the Crown.

(3)

Any power mentioned in subsection (1) includes power to make different provision for different purposes.

(4)

Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3), power to make an order under section 30 or 31 includes power to make different provision in relation to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland respectively.

(5)

F8None of the orders or regulations mentioned in subsection (6) may be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the order or regulations (whether alone or with other provision) has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.

(6)

F9The orders and regulations are—

(a)

an order under section 11(8), 13(6) or (14), 30, 31(1), 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 or 42(3);

F10(aa)

regulations under section 29D(4);

(b)

an order under paragraph 15 of Schedule 4;

(c)

an order under section 42(1)(a) to (d) that provides for fees to be payable in respect of things for which fees have never been payable;

(d)

an order under section 31(2), (7) or (9), or paragraph 30(1) of Schedule 5, that contains provision taking the form of an amendment or repeal of an enactment comprised in an Act.

(7)

A statutory instrument that—

(a)

contains—

(i)

an order mentioned in subsection (8), or

(ii)

regulations under Part 3 of Schedule 9, and

(b)

is not subject to any requirement that a draft of the instrument be laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament,

is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(8)

Those orders are—

(a)

an order made by the Lord Chancellor under this Part;

(b)

an order made by the Senior President of Tribunals under section 7(9).

(9)

A statutory instrument that contains an order made by the Scottish Ministers under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7 is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the Scottish Parliament.

(10)

A statutory instrument that contains an order made by the Welsh Ministers under paragraph 25(2) of Schedule 7 is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales.