Legislation – National Security Act 2023

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Introduction

Part 1
Espionage, sabotage and persons acting for foreign powers

1 Obtaining or disclosing protected information

2 Obtaining or disclosing trade secrets

3 Assisting a foreign intelligence service

4 Entering etc a prohibited place for a purpose prejudicial to the UK

5 Unauthorised entry etc to a prohibited place

6 Powers of police officers in relation to a prohibited place

7 Meaning of “prohibited place”

8 Power to designate additional sites as prohibited places

9 Power to designate a cordoned area to secure defence aircraft

10 Duration of cordon

11 Powers of police in relation to a cordoned area

12 Sabotage

13 Foreign interference: general

14 Foreign interference: meaning of “interference effect”

15 Foreign interference: meaning of “prohibited conduct”

16 Foreign interference in elections

17 Obtaining etc material benefits from a foreign intelligence service

18 Preparatory conduct

19 Aggravating factor where foreign power condition met: England and Wales

20 Aggravating factor where foreign power condition met: Northern Ireland

21 Aggravating factor where foreign power condition met: Scotland

22 Aggravating factor where foreign power condition met: armed forces

23 Powers of search etc

24 Disclosure orders

25 Customer information orders

26 Account monitoring orders

27 Arrest without warrant

28 Use of reasonable force

29 Border security

30 Offences under Part 2 of the Serious Crime Act 2007

31 The foreign power condition

32 Meaning of “foreign power”

33 Foreign power threat activity and involvement in that activity

34 Interpretation

35 Offences by bodies corporate etc

36 Offences committed outside the United Kingdom

37 Consents to prosecutions

38 Power to exclude the public from proceedings

Part 2
Prevention and investigation measures

39 Power to impose prevention and investigation measures

40 Conditions A to E

41 Five year limit for Part 2 notices

42 Prior permission of the court

43 Urgent cases: reference to the court etc

44 Directions hearing

45 Review hearing

46 Criminal investigations into foreign power threat activity

47 Review of ongoing necessity

48 Variation of measures

49 Revocation and revival of Part 2 notices

50 Replacement of a Part 2 notice that is quashed etc

51 Other provision relating to the quashing of Part 2 notice

52 Appeals

53 Jurisdiction in relation to decisions under this Part

54 Proceedings relating to measures

55 Reports on exercise of powers under this Part

56 Offence

57 Powers of entry etc

58 Fingerprints and samples

59 Notices

60 Contracts

61 Legal aid in relation to Part 2 notices

62 Interpretation etc

Part 3
Review of the operation of Parts 1 and 2 etc

63 Reviews: general

64 Reviews of detention under Part 1

Part 4
Foreign activities and foreign influence registration scheme

65 Requirement to register foreign activity arrangements

66 Meaning of “specified person”

67 Offence of carrying out etc relevant activities pursuant to unregistered foreign activity arrangement

68 Requirement to register relevant activities of specified persons

69 Requirement to register foreign influence arrangements

70 Meaning of “political influence activity”

71 Offence of carrying out etc political influence activities pursuant to unregistered foreign influence arrangement

72 Requirement to register political influence activities of foreign powers

73 Exemptions

74 Registration information

75 Information notices

76 Confidential material

77 Offence of providing false information

78 Offence of carrying out activities under arrangements tainted by false information

79 Publication and disclosure of information

80 Offences: penalties

81 Offences: supplementary provision

82 Annual report

83 Interpretation

Part 5
Terrorism

84 National security proceedings

85 Duty to consider reduction in damages payable by the Crown

86 Section 85: supplementary

87 Sections 84 to 86: interpretation

88 Damages at risk of being used for the purposes of terrorism

89 Legal aid for individuals convicted of terrorism offences

90 Legal aid for individuals convicted of terrorism offences: data sharing

91 Legal aid in relation to terrorism prevention and investigation measures

92 Amendments of the Terrorism Act 2000

Part 6
Miscellaneous and general provisions

93 Intelligence and Security Committee: memorandum of understanding

94 Minor and consequential amendments

95 Power to make consequential amendments

96 Regulations

97 Crown application

98 Extent in the United Kingdom

99 Extent outside the United Kingdom

100 Commencement

101 Transitional and saving provision

102 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Foreign interference in elections

Schedule 2 Powers of entry, search and seizure

Schedule 3 Disclosure orders

Schedule 4 Customer information orders

Schedule 5 Account monitoring orders

Schedule 6 Detention under section 27

Schedule 7 Prevention and investigation measures

Schedule 8 Urgent cases: reference to the court etc

Schedule 9 Appeals against convictions

Schedule 10 Proceedings relating to prevention and investigation measures

Schedule 11 Powers of entry, search, seizure and retention

Schedule 12 Fingerprints and samples

Schedule 13 Control of a person by a foreign power

Schedule 14 Public officials

Schedule 15 Exemptions

Schedule 16 Damages at risk of being used for the purposes of terrorism

Schedule 17 Amendments of Terrorism Act 2000

Schedule 18 Minor and consequential amendments

Changes to legislation:

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Schedules

Schedule 15Exemptions

Section 73

UK arrangements

1

(1)

Sections 65(4) and 69(3) (requirements to register foreign activity arrangements and foreign influence arrangements) do not apply to foreign activity arrangements or foreign influence arrangements that are UK arrangements.

(2)

The following provisions do not apply to activities carried out in accordance with a UK arrangement—

(a)

section 68(1) to (3) (specified persons etc must not carry out unregistered activities);

(b)

section 72(1) (foreign powers etc must not carry out unregistered political influence activities).

(3)

A “UK arrangement” is an arrangement or agreement to which—

(a)

the United Kingdom is a party, or

(b)

any person acting for or on behalf of, or holding office under, the Crown is (in that capacity) a party.

Foreign powers

2

The following provisions do not apply to a foreign power—

(a)

section 65(4) (requirement to register foreign activity arrangements);

(b)

section 67(2) or (3) (offence of carrying out activities under unregistered foreign activity arrangement);

(c)

section 69(3) (requirement to register foreign influence arrangements);

(d)

section 71(2) or (3) (offence of carrying out activities under unregistered foreign influence arrangement);

(e)

section 78(1) and (2) (offences of carrying out activities tainted by false information).

Diplomatic missions etc

3

(1)

Section 65(4) (requirement to register foreign activity arrangements) does not apply to the extent that the foreign activity arrangement relates to the provision of goods or services which are reasonably necessary to support the efficient functioning of—

(a)

a diplomatic mission,

(b)

a consular post, or

(c)

the permanent mission to a UK-based international organisation of a country which is a member of the organisation,

(for example, the provision of catering or maintenance services).

(2)

Sections 65(4) and 69(3) (requirements to register foreign activity arrangements and foreign influence arrangements) do not apply where P (within the meaning of those sections)—

(a)

is a member of the family of a principal person forming part of the principal person’s household, and

(b)

makes the arrangement pursuant to an activity carried out by the principal person in that capacity.

(3)

Principal person” means a person who is a member of staff of—

(a)

a diplomatic mission,

(b)

a consular post, or

(c)

the permanent mission to a UK-based international organisation of a country which is a member of the organisation.

(4)

The members of the family of a principal person forming part of the principal person’s household include a person who is living with the principal person as their partner in an enduring family relationship.

(5)

“Member of staff”—

(a)

in the case of a diplomatic mission, means a member of the mission within the meaning given by Article 1 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (set out in Schedule 1 to the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964);

(b)

in the case of a consular post, means a member of the consular post within the meaning given by Article 1 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (set out in Schedule 1 to the Consular Relations Act 1968).

(6)

In this paragraph—

consular post” has the meaning given by Article 1 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (set out in Schedule 1 to the Consular Relations Act 1968);

diplomatic mission” is to be read in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations done at Vienna on 18 April 1961;

UK-based international organisation” means an international organisation which has its headquarters in the United Kingdom and on which privileges and immunities have been conferred under section 1 of the International Organisations Act 1968.

Recognised news publishers

4

(1)

The following provisions do not apply to a recognised news publisher—

(a)

section 69(3) (requirement to register foreign influence arrangements);

(b)

section 71(2) or (3) (offence of carrying out activities under unregistered foreign influence arrangement);

(c)

section 78(2) (offence of carrying out political influence activities tainted by false information).

(2)

The following provisions do not apply to a person who is not a recognised news publisher, where the foreign influence arrangement in question is a news-related foreign influence arrangement—

(a)

section 69(3) (requirement to register foreign influence arrangements);

(b)

section 71(2) or (3) (offence of carrying out activities under unregistered foreign influence arrangement);

(c)

section 78(2) (offence of carrying out political influence activities tainted by false information).

(3)

A “news-related foreign influence arrangement” is a foreign influence arrangement made between a person and a foreign power who is a recognised news publisher where the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the arrangement is the publication of news-related material.

(4)

In this paragraph “news-related material”, “publish”, and “recognised news publisher” have the meaning given by paragraph 5.

5

(1)

In paragraph 4, “recognised news publisher” means any of the following entities—

(a)

the British Broadcasting Corporation,

(b)

Sianel Pedwar Cymru,

(c)

the holder of a licence under the Broadcasting Act 1990 or 1996 who publishes news-related material in connection with the broadcasting activities authorised under the licence, and

(d)

any other entity which—

(i)

meets all of the conditions in sub-paragraph (2),

(ii)

is not an excluded entity (see sub-paragraph (3)), and

(iii)

is not a sanctioned entity (see sub-paragraph (4)).

(2)

The conditions referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(d)(i) are that the entity—

(a)

has as its principal purpose the publication of news-related material, and such material—

(i)

is created by different persons, and

(ii)

is subject to editorial control,

(b)

publishes such material in the course of a business (whether or not carried on with a view to profit),

(c)

is subject to a standards code,

(d)

has policies and procedures for handling and resolving complaints,

(e)

has a registered office or other business address,

(f)

is the person with legal responsibility for material published by it in the United Kingdom, and

(g)

publishes—

(i)

the entity’s name, the address mentioned in paragraph (e) and the entity’s registered number (if any), and

(ii)

the name and address of any person who controls the entity (including, where such a person is an entity, the address of that person’s registered or principal office and that person’s registered number (if any)).

(3)

An “excluded entity” is an entity—

(a)

which is a proscribed organisation under the Terrorism Act 2000 (see section 3 of that Act), or

(b)

the purpose of which is to support a proscribed organisation under that Act.

(4)

A “sanctioned entity” is an entity which—

(a)

is designated by name under a power contained in regulations under section 1 of the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018 that authorises the Secretary of State or the Treasury to designate persons for the purposes of the regulations or of any provisions of the regulations, or

(b)

is a designated person under any provision included in such regulations by virtue of section 13 of that Act (persons named by or under UN Security Council Resolutions).

(5)

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)

(a)

news-related material is “subject to editorial control” if there is a person (whether or not the publisher of the material) who has editorial or equivalent responsibility for the material, including responsibility for how it is presented and the decision to publish it;

(b)

control” has the same meaning as it has in the Broadcasting Act 1990 by virtue of section 202 of that Act.

(6)

In this paragraph—

news-related material” means material consisting of—

(a)

news or information about current affairs,

(b)

opinion about matters relating to the news or current affairs, or

(c)

gossip about celebrities, other public figures or other persons in the news;

publish” means publish by any means (including by broadcasting), and references to a publisher and publication are to be construed accordingly;

standards code” means—

(a)

a code of standards that regulates the conduct of publishers, that is published by an independent regulator, or

(b)

a code of standards that regulates the conduct of the entity in question, that is published by the entity itself.

6

(1)

Sections 65(4) and 69(3) (requirements to register foreign activity arrangements and foreign influence arrangements) do not apply in relation to a foreign activity arrangement or a foreign influence arrangement to the extent that the arrangement relates to the carrying on of a legal activity by a lawyer.

(2)

The following provisions do not apply to the carrying on of a legal activity by a lawyer—

(a)

section 68(1) to (3) (specified persons etc must not carry out unregistered activities);

(b)

section 72(1) (foreign powers etc must not carry out unregistered political influence activities).

(3)

Lawyer” means—

(a)

a person who for the purposes of the Legal Services Act 2007 is an authorised person in relation to an activity that constitutes a reserved legal activity (within the meaning of that Act),

(b)

a solicitor or barrister in Northern Ireland,

(c)

a solicitor or advocate in Scotland, or

(d)

a person who is a member, and entitled to practise as such, of a legal profession regulated in a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom.

(4)

Legal activity” means—

(a)

in England and Wales, a legal activity within the meaning of section 12 of the Legal Services Act 2007,

(b)

in Northern Ireland, a legal activity within the meaning of that section, but reading the reference to an activity which is a reserved legal activity as a reference to an activity corresponding to a reserved legal activity,

(c)

in Scotland, the provision of legal services within the meaning of section 3 of the Legal Services (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 16), or

(d)

acting as an arbitrator or mediator.

Employees etc

7

(1)

Where an exemption is conferred on a person (“P”) by this Schedule, the following are also exempt (subject to sub-paragraph (2))—

(a)

a person who holds office in or under, or is an employee or other member of staff of, P (acting in that capacity), or

(b)

a person the Secretary of State reasonably considers to be exercising functions on behalf of P as if the person were within paragraph (a).

(2)

Where P is a foreign power, the exemption does not apply to persons within sub-paragraph (1)(a) if or to the extent that the person makes a misrepresentation about their activities or the capacity in which they act (whether generally or to a particular person).

(3)

A misrepresentation is a representation that a reasonable person would consider to be false or misleading in a material way.

(4)

A misrepresentation may be made by making a statement or by any other kind of conduct (including an omission), and may be express or implied.

(5)

A misrepresentation may in particular include—

(a)

a misrepresentation as to the person’s identity or purpose;

(b)

presenting information in a way which amounts to a misrepresentation, even if some or all of the information is true.

Power to provide for further exemptions

8

The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for further cases to which any provision of this Part does not apply.