Legislation – Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008

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Introduction

Part 1
Youth rehabilitation orders

1 Youth rehabilitation orders

2 Breach, revocation or amendment of youth rehabilitation orders

3 Transfer of youth rehabilitation orders to Northern Ireland

4 Meaning of “the responsible officer”

5 Responsible officer and offender: duties in relation to the other

6 Abolition of certain youth orders and related amendments

7 Youth rehabilitation orders: interpretation

8 Isles of Scilly

Part 2
Sentencing

9 Purposes etc. of sentencing: offenders under 18

10 Effect of restriction on imposing community sentences

11 Restriction on power to make a community order

12 Pre-sentence reports

13 Sentences of imprisonment for public protection

14 Sentences of detention for public protection

15 Extended sentences for certain violent or sexual offences: persons 18 or over

16 Extended sentences for certain violent or sexual offences: persons under 18

17 The assessment of dangerousness

18 Further amendments relating to sentences for public protection

19 Indeterminate sentences: determination of tariffs

20 Consecutive terms of imprisonment

21 Credit for period of remand on bail: terms of imprisonment and detention

22 Credit for period of remand on bail: other cases

23 Credit for period of remand on bail: transitional provisions

24 Minimum conditions for early release under section 246(1) of Criminal Justice Act 2003

25 Release on licence under Criminal Justice Act 2003 of prisoners serving extended sentences

26 Release of certain long-term prisoners under Criminal Justice Act 1991

27 Application of section 35(1) of Criminal Justice Act 1991 to prisoners liable to removal from the UK

28 Release of fine defaulters and contemnors under Criminal Justice Act 1991

29 Release of prisoners after recall

30 Further review and release of prisoners after recall

31 Recall of life prisoners: abolition of requirement for recommendation by Parole Board

32 Release of prisoners recalled following release under Criminal Justice Act 1991

33 Removal under Criminal Justice Act 1991

34 Removal under Criminal Justice Act 2003

35 Referral conditions

36 Power to revoke a referral order

37 Extension of period for which young offender contract has effect

38 Imposition of unpaid work requirement for breach of community order

39 Youth default orders

40 Power to impose attendance centre requirement on fine defaulter

41 Disclosure of information for enforcing fines

Part 3
Appeals

42 Power to dismiss certain appeals following references by the CCRC: England and Wales

43 Power to dismiss certain appeals following references by the CCRC: Northern Ireland

44 Determination of prosecution appeals: England and Wales

45 Determination of prosecution appeals: Northern Ireland

46 Review of sentence on reference by Attorney General

47 Further amendments relating to appeals in criminal cases

Part 4
Other criminal justice provisions

48 Alternatives to prosecution for offenders under 18

49 Protection for spent cautions under Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974

50 Criminal conviction certificates and criminal record certificates

51 Bail conditions: electronic monitoring

52 Bail for summary offences and certain other offences to be tried summarily

53 Allocation of offences triable either way etc.

54 Trial or sentencing in absence of accused in magistrates’ courts

55 Extension of powers of non-legal staff

56 Provisional grant of right to representation

57 Disclosure of information to enable assessment of financial eligibility

58 Pilot schemes

59 SFO’s pre-investigation powers in relation to bribery and corruption: foreign officers etc.

60 Contents of an accused’s defence statement

61 Compensation for miscarriages of justice

62 Annual report on Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998

Part 5
Criminal law

63 Possession of extreme pornographic images

64 Exclusion of classified films etc.

65 Defences: general

66 Defence: participation in consensual acts

67 Penalties etc. for possession of extreme pornographic images

68 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

69 Indecent photographs of children: England and Wales

70 Indecent photographs of children: Northern Ireland

71 Maximum penalty for publication etc. of obscene articles

72 Offences committed outside the United Kingdom

73 Grooming and adoption

74 Hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation

75 Offences relating to the physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities

76 Reasonable force for purposes of self-defence etc.

77 Power to alter penalty for unlawfully obtaining etc. personal data

78 New defence for purposes of journalism and other special purposes

79 Abolition of common law offences of blasphemy and blasphemous libel

Part 6
International co-operation in relation to criminal justice matters

80 Requests to other member States: England and Wales

81 Procedure on issue of certificate: England and Wales

82 Requests to other member States: Northern Ireland

83 Procedure on issue of certificate: Northern Ireland

84 Requests from other member States: England and Wales

85 Procedure on receipt of certificate by designated officer

86 Modification of Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980

87 Requests from other member States: Northern Ireland

88 Procedure on receipt of certificate by clerk of petty sessions

89 Modification of Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981

90 Transfer of certificates to central authority for Scotland

91 Recognition of financial penalties: general

92 Interpretation of sections 80 to 91 etc.

93 Delivery of prisoner to place abroad for purposes of transfer out of the United Kingdom

94 Issue of warrant transferring responsibility for detention and release of an offender to or from the relevant Minister

95 Powers to arrest and detain persons believed to fall within section 4A(3) of Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984

96 Amendments relating to Scotland

97 Power to transfer functions under Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 in relation to direct taxation

Part 7
Violent offender orders

98 Violent offender orders

99 Qualifying offenders

100 Applications for violent offender orders

101 Making of violent offender orders

102 Provisions that orders may contain

103 Variation, renewal or discharge of violent offender orders

104 Interim violent offender orders

105 Notice of applications

106 Appeals

107 Offenders subject to notification requirements

108 Notification requirements: initial notification

109 Notification requirements: changes

110 Notification requirements: periodic notification

111 Notification requirements: travel outside United Kingdom

112 Method of notification and related matters

113 Offences

114 Supply of information to Secretary of State etc.

115 Supply of information by Secretary of State etc.

116 Information about release or transfer

117 Interpretation of Part 7

Part 8
Anti-social behaviour

118 Closure orders: premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance

119 Offence of causing nuisance or disturbance on NHS premises

120 Power to remove person causing nuisance or disturbance

121 Guidance about the power to remove etc.

122 Nuisance or disturbance on HSS premises

123 Review of anti-social behaviour orders etc.

124 Individual support orders

125 Parenting contracts and parenting orders: local authorities

Part 9
Policing

126 Police misconduct and performance procedures

127 Investigation of complaints of police misconduct etc.

128 Financial assistance under section 57 of Police Act 1996

129 Inspection of police authorities

Part 10
Special immigration status

130 Designation

131 “Foreign criminal”

132 Effect of designation

133 Conditions

134 Support

135 Support: supplemental

136 End of designation

137 Interpretation: general

Part 11
Miscellaneous

138 Amendment of section 127 of Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

139 Power to suspend the operation of section 127 of Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

140 Disclosure of information about convictions etc. of child sex offenders to members of the public

141 Sexual offences prevention orders: relevant sexual offences

142 Notification requirements: prescribed information

143 Persistent sales of tobacco to persons under 18

144 Power to require data controllers to pay monetary penalty

145 Amendments to armed forces legislation

146 Convention against human trafficking

Part 12
General

147 Orders, rules and regulations

148 Consequential etc. amendments and transitional and saving provision

149 Repeals and revocations

150 Financial provisions

151 Effect of amendments to criminal justice provisions applied for purposes of service law

152 Extent

153 Commencement

154 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Further provisions about youth rehabilitation orders

SCHEDULE 2 Breach, revocation or amendment of youth rehabilitation orders

SCHEDULE 3 Transfer of youth rehabilitation orders to Northern Ireland

SCHEDULE 4 Youth rehabilitation orders: consequential and related amendments

SCHEDULE 5 Offences specified for the purposes of sections 225(3A) and 227(2A) of Criminal Justice Act 2003

SCHEDULE 6 Credit for period of remand on bail: transitional provisions

SCHEDULE 7 Youth default orders: modification of provisions applying to youth rehabilitation orders

SCHEDULE 8 Appeals in criminal cases

SCHEDULE 9 Alternatives to prosecution for persons under 18

SCHEDULE 10 Protection for spent cautions under Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974

SCHEDULE 11 Electronic monitoring of persons released on bail subject to conditions

SCHEDULE 12 Bail for summary offences and certain other offences to be tried summarily

SCHEDULE 13 Allocation of cases triable either way etc.

SCHEDULE 14 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

SCHEDULE 15 Sexual offences: grooming and adoption

SCHEDULE 16 Hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation

SCHEDULE 17 Offences relating to nuclear material and nuclear facilities

SCHEDULE 18 Penalties suitable for enforcement in England and Wales or Northern Ireland

SCHEDULE 19 Grounds for refusal to enforce financial penalties

SCHEDULE 20 Closure orders: premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance

SCHEDULE 21 Nuisance or disturbance on HSS premises

SCHEDULE 22 Police misconduct and performance procedures

SCHEDULE 23 Investigation of complaints of police misconduct etc.

SCHEDULE 24 Section 327A of Criminal Justice Act 2003: meaning of “child sex offence”

SCHEDULE 25 Amendments to armed forces legislation

SCHEDULE 26 Minor and consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 27 Transitory, transitional and saving provisions

SCHEDULE 28 Repeals and revocations

SCHEDULES

Part 2Related amendments

Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (c. 12)

100

In section 49 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (restrictions on reports of proceedings in which children or young persons are concerned), in subsection (13)(g)(ii), for “the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000” substitute “Part 1 or 2 of Schedule 15 to the Criminal Justice Act 2003”.

Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (c. 54)

101

(1)

Section 32 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (detention of absentees) is amended as follows.

(2)

In subsection (1A)—

(a)

in paragraph (a), after “under” insert “paragraph 4(1)(a) of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6(4)(a) of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 or”,

(b)

in paragraph (b) (as substituted by paragraph 17(2)(b) of this Schedule), in sub-paragraph (ii), after “under” insert “paragraph 4 of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6 of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 or”.

(3)

In subsection (1C) (as substituted by paragraph 17(3) of this Schedule)—

(a)

in paragraph (a), after “under” insert “paragraph 4(1)(a) of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6(4)(a) of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 or”, and

(b)

in paragraph (c), after “under” insert “paragraph 4(6) of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6(8) of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 or”.

Bail Act 1976 (c. 63)

102

In section 4(3) of the Bail Act 1976 (general right to bail of accused persons and others), before paragraph (a) (as substituted by paragraph 23(b) of this Schedule) insert—

“(za)

Schedule 1 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (referral orders: referral back to appropriate court),

(zb)

Schedule 8 to that Act (breach of reparation order),”.

Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)

103

In Schedule 6A to the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (fines that may be altered under section 143), at the end insert—

“In Schedule 8, paragraph 2(2)(a)(i) (failure to comply with reparation order)

£1,000”.

Child Abduction Act 1984 (c. 37)

104

In paragraph 2(1) of the Schedule to the Child Abduction Act 1984 (modifications of section 1 for children in certain cases)—

(a)

in paragraph (a), after “under” insert “paragraph 4(1)(a) of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6(4)(a) of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 or”, and

(b)

in paragraph (b), before “or” (as inserted by paragraph 31(b) of this Schedule) insert “, paragraph 4 of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6 of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000”.

Children Act 1989 (c. 41)

105

In section 21(2)(c) of the Children Act 1989 (provision of accommodation for children in police protection or detention or on remand, etc.), after sub-paragraph (i) insert—

“(ia)

remanded to accommodation provided by or on behalf of a local authority by virtue of paragraph 4 of Schedule 1 or paragraph 6 of Schedule 8 to the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (breach etc. of referral orders and reparation orders);”.

Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (c. 6)

106

The Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 has effect subject to the following amendments.

107

In Schedule 1 (youth offender panels: further court proceedings), after paragraph 9 insert—

“Power to adjourn hearing and remand offender

9ZA

(1)

This paragraph applies to any hearing relating to an offender held by a youth court or other magistrates’ court in proceedings under this Part of this Schedule.

(2)

The court may adjourn the hearing, and, where it does so, may—

(a)

direct that the offender be released forthwith, or

(b)

remand the offender.

(3)

Where the court remands the offender under sub-paragraph (2)—

(a)

it must fix the time and place at which the hearing is to be resumed, and

(b)

that time and place must be the time and place at which the offender is required to appear or be brought before the court by virtue of the remand.

(4)

Where the court adjourns the hearing under sub-paragraph (2) but does not remand the offender—

(a)

it may fix the time and place at which the hearing is to be resumed, but

(b)

if it does not do so, it must not resume the hearing unless it is satisfied that the persons mentioned in sub-paragraph (5) have had adequate notice of the time and place for the resumed hearing.

(5)

The persons referred to in sub-paragraph (4)(b) are—

(a)

the offender,

(b)

if the offender is aged under 14, a parent or guardian of the offender, and

(c)

a member of the youth offending team specified under section 18(1)(a) as responsible for implementing the order.

(6)

If a local authority has parental responsibility for an offender who is in its care or provided with accommodation by it in the exercise of any social services functions, the reference in sub-paragraph (5)(b) to a parent or guardian of the offender is to be read as a reference to that authority.

(7)

In sub-paragraph (6)—

“local authority” has the same meaning as it has in Part 1 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 by virtue of section 7 of that Act,

“parental responsibility” has the same meaning as it has in the Children Act 1989 by virtue of section 3 of that Act, and

“social services functions” has the same meaning as it has in the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 by virtue of section 1A of that Act.

(8)

The powers of a magistrates’ court under this paragraph may be exercised by a single justice of the peace, notwithstanding anything in the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.

(9)

This paragraph—

(a)

applies to any hearing in proceedings under this Part of this Schedule in place of section 10 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (adjournment of trial) where that section would otherwise apply, but

(b)

is not to be taken to affect the application of that section to hearings of any other description.”

108

(1)

Schedule 8 (breach, revocation and amendment of action plan orders and reparation orders) is amended as follows.

(2)

Omit paragraph 1 and the heading before that paragraph.

(3)

In paragraph 2(1), for “the appropriate court,” substitute—

“(a)

a youth court acting in the local justice area in which the offender resides, or

(b)

if it is not known where the offender resides, a youth court acting in the local justice area for the time being named in the order in pursuance of section 74(4) of this Act,”.

(4)

In paragraph 5—

(a)

in sub-paragraphs (1) and (3), for “appropriate court” substitute “relevant court”, and

(b)

at the end insert—

“(4)

In this paragraph, “the relevant court” means—

(a)

a youth court acting in the local justice area for the time being named in the order in pursuance of section 74(4) of this Act, or

(b)

in the case of an application made both under this paragraph and under paragraph 2(1), the court mentioned in paragraph 2(1).”

(5)

In paragraph 6—

(a)

in sub-paragraph (1), for “the appropriate court” substitute “a court”,

(b)

in sub-paragraph (4), for “the appropriate court” substitute “the court before which the warrant directs the offender to be brought (“the relevant court”)”,

(c)

in sub-paragraph (5), for “the appropriate court” substitute “the relevant court”, and

(d)

in sub-paragraph (7), for “the appropriate court”, in each place it occurs, substitute “the relevant court”.

(6)

After paragraph 6 insert—

“Power to adjourn hearing and remand offender

6A

(1)

This paragraph applies to any hearing relating to an offender held by a youth court in any proceedings under this Schedule.

(2)

The court may adjourn the hearing, and, where it does so, may—

(a)

direct that the offender be released forthwith, or

(b)

remand the offender.

(3)

Where the court remands the offender under sub-paragraph (2)—

(a)

it must fix the time and place at which the hearing is to be resumed, and

(b)

that time and place must be the time and place at which the offender is required to appear or be brought before the court by virtue of the remand.

(4)

Where the court adjourns the hearing under sub-paragraph (2) but does not remand the offender—

(a)

it may fix the time and place at which the hearing is to be resumed, but

(b)

if it does not do so, it must not resume the hearing unless it is satisfied that the persons mentioned in sub-paragraph (5) have had adequate notice of the time and place for the resumed hearing.

(5)

The persons referred to in sub-paragraph (4)(b) are—

(a)

the offender,

(b)

if the offender is aged under 14, a parent or guardian of the offender, and

(c)

the responsible officer.

(6)

If a local authority has parental responsibility for an offender who is in its care or provided with accommodation by it in the exercise of any social services functions, the reference in sub-paragraph (5)(b) to a parent or guardian of the offender is to be read as a reference to that authority.

(7)

In sub-paragraph (6)—

“local authority” has the same meaning as it has in Part 1 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 by virtue of section 7 of that Act,

“parental responsibility” has the same meaning as it has in the Children Act 1989 by virtue of section 3 of that Act, and

“social services functions” has the same meaning as it has in the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 by virtue of section 1A of that Act.

(8)

The powers of a youth court under this paragraph may be exercised by a single justice of the peace, notwithstanding anything in the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.

(9)

This paragraph—

(a)

applies to any hearing in any proceedings under this Schedule in place of section 10 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (adjournment of trial) where that section would otherwise apply, but

(b)

is not to be taken to affect the application of that section to hearings of any other description.”

Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)

109

In Schedule 8 to the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (breach, revocation or amendment of community order), after paragraph 25 insert—

“25A

(1)

This paragraph applies to any hearing relating to an offender held by a magistrates’ court in any proceedings under this Schedule.

(2)

The court may adjourn the hearing, and, where it does so, may—

(a)

direct that the offender be released forthwith, or

(b)

remand the offender.

(3)

Where the court remands the offender under sub-paragraph (2)—

(a)

it must fix the time and place at which the hearing is to be resumed, and

(b)

that time and place must be the time and place at which the offender is required to appear or be brought before the court by virtue of the remand.

(4)

Where the court adjourns the hearing under sub-paragraph (2) but does not remand the offender—

(a)

it may fix the time and place at which the hearing is to be resumed, but

(b)

if it does not do so, it must not resume the hearing unless it is satisfied that the offender and the responsible officer have had adequate notice of the time and place for the resumed hearing.

(5)

The powers of a magistrates’ court under this paragraph may be exercised by a single justice of the peace, notwithstanding anything in the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.

(6)

This paragraph—

(a)

applies to any hearing in any proceedings under this Schedule in place of section 10 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (adjournment of trial) where that section would otherwise apply, but

(b)

is not to be taken to affect the application of that section to hearings of any other description.”