Legislation – Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008

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Introduction

Part 1
Youth rehabilitation orders

1 Youth rehabilitation orders

2 Breach, revocation or amendment of youth rehabilitation orders

3 Transfer of youth rehabilitation orders to Northern Ireland

4 Meaning of “the responsible officer”

5 Responsible officer and offender: duties in relation to the other

6 Abolition of certain youth orders and related amendments

7 Youth rehabilitation orders: interpretation

8 Isles of Scilly

Part 2
Sentencing

9 Purposes etc. of sentencing: offenders under 18

10 Effect of restriction on imposing community sentences

11 Restriction on power to make a community order

12 Pre-sentence reports

13 Sentences of imprisonment for public protection

14 Sentences of detention for public protection

15 Extended sentences for certain violent or sexual offences: persons 18 or over

16 Extended sentences for certain violent or sexual offences: persons under 18

17 The assessment of dangerousness

18 Further amendments relating to sentences for public protection

19 Indeterminate sentences: determination of tariffs

20 Consecutive terms of imprisonment

21 Credit for period of remand on bail: terms of imprisonment and detention

22 Credit for period of remand on bail: other cases

23 Credit for period of remand on bail: transitional provisions

24 Minimum conditions for early release under section 246(1) of Criminal Justice Act 2003

25 Release on licence under Criminal Justice Act 2003 of prisoners serving extended sentences

26 Release of certain long-term prisoners under Criminal Justice Act 1991

27 Application of section 35(1) of Criminal Justice Act 1991 to prisoners liable to removal from the UK

28 Release of fine defaulters and contemnors under Criminal Justice Act 1991

29 Release of prisoners after recall

30 Further review and release of prisoners after recall

31 Recall of life prisoners: abolition of requirement for recommendation by Parole Board

32 Release of prisoners recalled following release under Criminal Justice Act 1991

33 Removal under Criminal Justice Act 1991

34 Removal under Criminal Justice Act 2003

35 Referral conditions

36 Power to revoke a referral order

37 Extension of period for which young offender contract has effect

38 Imposition of unpaid work requirement for breach of community order

39 Youth default orders

40 Power to impose attendance centre requirement on fine defaulter

41 Disclosure of information for enforcing fines

Part 3
Appeals

42 Power to dismiss certain appeals following references by the CCRC: England and Wales

43 Power to dismiss certain appeals following references by the CCRC: Northern Ireland

44 Determination of prosecution appeals: England and Wales

45 Determination of prosecution appeals: Northern Ireland

46 Review of sentence on reference by Attorney General

47 Further amendments relating to appeals in criminal cases

Part 4
Other criminal justice provisions

48 Alternatives to prosecution for offenders under 18

49 Protection for spent cautions under Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974

50 Criminal conviction certificates and criminal record certificates

51 Bail conditions: electronic monitoring

52 Bail for summary offences and certain other offences to be tried summarily

53 Allocation of offences triable either way etc.

54 Trial or sentencing in absence of accused in magistrates’ courts

55 Extension of powers of non-legal staff

56 Provisional grant of right to representation

57 Disclosure of information to enable assessment of financial eligibility

58 Pilot schemes

59 SFO’s pre-investigation powers in relation to bribery and corruption: foreign officers etc.

60 Contents of an accused’s defence statement

61 Compensation for miscarriages of justice

62 Annual report on Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998

Part 5
Criminal law

63 Possession of extreme pornographic images

64 Exclusion of classified films etc.

65 Defences: general

66 Defence: participation in consensual acts

67 Penalties etc. for possession of extreme pornographic images

68 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

69 Indecent photographs of children: England and Wales

70 Indecent photographs of children: Northern Ireland

71 Maximum penalty for publication etc. of obscene articles

72 Offences committed outside the United Kingdom

73 Grooming and adoption

74 Hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation

75 Offences relating to the physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities

76 Reasonable force for purposes of self-defence etc.

77 Power to alter penalty for unlawfully obtaining etc. personal data

78 New defence for purposes of journalism and other special purposes

79 Abolition of common law offences of blasphemy and blasphemous libel

Part 6
International co-operation in relation to criminal justice matters

80 Requests to other member States: England and Wales

81 Procedure on issue of certificate: England and Wales

82 Requests to other member States: Northern Ireland

83 Procedure on issue of certificate: Northern Ireland

84 Requests from other member States: England and Wales

85 Procedure on receipt of certificate by designated officer

86 Modification of Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980

87 Requests from other member States: Northern Ireland

88 Procedure on receipt of certificate by clerk of petty sessions

89 Modification of Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981

90 Transfer of certificates to central authority for Scotland

91 Recognition of financial penalties: general

92 Interpretation of sections 80 to 91 etc.

93 Delivery of prisoner to place abroad for purposes of transfer out of the United Kingdom

94 Issue of warrant transferring responsibility for detention and release of an offender to or from the relevant Minister

95 Powers to arrest and detain persons believed to fall within section 4A(3) of Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984

96 Amendments relating to Scotland

97 Power to transfer functions under Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 in relation to direct taxation

Part 7
Violent offender orders

98 Violent offender orders

99 Qualifying offenders

100 Applications for violent offender orders

101 Making of violent offender orders

102 Provisions that orders may contain

103 Variation, renewal or discharge of violent offender orders

104 Interim violent offender orders

105 Notice of applications

106 Appeals

107 Offenders subject to notification requirements

108 Notification requirements: initial notification

109 Notification requirements: changes

110 Notification requirements: periodic notification

111 Notification requirements: travel outside United Kingdom

112 Method of notification and related matters

113 Offences

114 Supply of information to Secretary of State etc.

115 Supply of information by Secretary of State etc.

116 Information about release or transfer

117 Interpretation of Part 7

Part 8
Anti-social behaviour

118 Closure orders: premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance

119 Offence of causing nuisance or disturbance on NHS premises

120 Power to remove person causing nuisance or disturbance

121 Guidance about the power to remove etc.

122 Nuisance or disturbance on HSS premises

123 Review of anti-social behaviour orders etc.

124 Individual support orders

125 Parenting contracts and parenting orders: local authorities

Part 9
Policing

126 Police misconduct and performance procedures

127 Investigation of complaints of police misconduct etc.

128 Financial assistance under section 57 of Police Act 1996

129 Inspection of police authorities

Part 10
Special immigration status

130 Designation

131 “Foreign criminal”

132 Effect of designation

133 Conditions

134 Support

135 Support: supplemental

136 End of designation

137 Interpretation: general

Part 11
Miscellaneous

138 Amendment of section 127 of Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

139 Power to suspend the operation of section 127 of Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

140 Disclosure of information about convictions etc. of child sex offenders to members of the public

141 Sexual offences prevention orders: relevant sexual offences

142 Notification requirements: prescribed information

143 Persistent sales of tobacco to persons under 18

144 Power to require data controllers to pay monetary penalty

145 Amendments to armed forces legislation

146 Convention against human trafficking

Part 12
General

147 Orders, rules and regulations

148 Consequential etc. amendments and transitional and saving provision

149 Repeals and revocations

150 Financial provisions

151 Effect of amendments to criminal justice provisions applied for purposes of service law

152 Extent

153 Commencement

154 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Further provisions about youth rehabilitation orders

SCHEDULE 2 Breach, revocation or amendment of youth rehabilitation orders

SCHEDULE 3 Transfer of youth rehabilitation orders to Northern Ireland

SCHEDULE 4 Youth rehabilitation orders: consequential and related amendments

SCHEDULE 5 Offences specified for the purposes of sections 225(3A) and 227(2A) of Criminal Justice Act 2003

SCHEDULE 6 Credit for period of remand on bail: transitional provisions

SCHEDULE 7 Youth default orders: modification of provisions applying to youth rehabilitation orders

SCHEDULE 8 Appeals in criminal cases

SCHEDULE 9 Alternatives to prosecution for persons under 18

SCHEDULE 10 Protection for spent cautions under Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974

SCHEDULE 11 Electronic monitoring of persons released on bail subject to conditions

SCHEDULE 12 Bail for summary offences and certain other offences to be tried summarily

SCHEDULE 13 Allocation of cases triable either way etc.

SCHEDULE 14 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

SCHEDULE 15 Sexual offences: grooming and adoption

SCHEDULE 16 Hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation

SCHEDULE 17 Offences relating to nuclear material and nuclear facilities

SCHEDULE 18 Penalties suitable for enforcement in England and Wales or Northern Ireland

SCHEDULE 19 Grounds for refusal to enforce financial penalties

SCHEDULE 20 Closure orders: premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance

SCHEDULE 21 Nuisance or disturbance on HSS premises

SCHEDULE 22 Police misconduct and performance procedures

SCHEDULE 23 Investigation of complaints of police misconduct etc.

SCHEDULE 24 Section 327A of Criminal Justice Act 2003: meaning of “child sex offence”

SCHEDULE 25 Amendments to armed forces legislation

SCHEDULE 26 Minor and consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 27 Transitory, transitional and saving provisions

SCHEDULE 28 Repeals and revocations

Part 12General

147Orders, rules and regulations

(1)

Orders, rules or regulations made by the Secretary of State or the Lord Chancellor under this Act are to be made by statutory instrument.

(2)

Any such orders or regulations—

(a)

may make provision generally or only for specified cases or circumstances;

(b)

may make different provision for different cases, circumstances or areas;

(c)

may make incidental, supplementary, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision.

(3)

Subject to subsection (4), a statutory instrument containing any order or regulations under this Act is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(4)

Subsection (3) does not apply to—

(a)

a statutory instrument containing an order under section 153,

(b)

a statutory instrument containing an order under paragraph 26(5) of Schedule 1,

(c)

a statutory instrument containing an Order in Council under paragraph 9 of Schedule 17, or

(d)

a statutory instrument to which subsection (5) applies.

(5)

A statutory instrument containing (whether alone or with other provision)—

(a)

an order under section 4(3),

(b)

an order under section 48(2),

(c)

an order under section 77,

(d)

an order under section 81(4), 83(4) or 91(3) which amends or repeals any provision of an Act,

(e)

an order under section 102,

(f)

regulations under any of sections 108 to 111,

(g)

an order under section 135(6),

(h)

an order under section 148(3) which amends or repeals any provision of an Act,

(i)

an order under paragraph 27 or 35 of Schedule 1,

(j)

an order under paragraph 25 of Schedule 2,

(k)

rules under paragraph 2(4)(a) of Schedule 6, or

(l)

an order under paragraph 6 of Schedule 7,

may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.

(6)

An order under section 153(5)(b) is to be made by statutory instrument.

(7)

An order under section 153(6) is to be made by statutory rule for the purposes of the Statutory Rules (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (S.I. 1979/1573 (N.I. 12)).

148Consequential etc. amendments and transitional and saving provision

(1)

Schedule 26 contains minor and consequential amendments.

(2)

Schedule 27 contains transitory, transitional and saving provisions.

(3)

The Secretary of State may by order make—

(a)

such supplementary, incidental or consequential provision, or

(b)

such transitory, transitional or saving provision,

as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for the general purposes, or any particular purposes, of this Act, or in consequence of, or for giving full effect to, any provision made by this Act.

(4)

An order under subsection (3) may, in particular—

(a)

provide for any amendment or other provision made by this Act which comes into force before any other provision (whether made by this or any other Act or by any subordinate legislation) has come into force to have effect, until that other provision has come into force, with specified modifications, and

(b)

amend, repeal or revoke any provision of—

(i)

any Act (including this Act and any Act passed in the same Session as this Act);

(ii)

subordinate legislation made before the passing of this Act;

(iii)

Northern Ireland legislation passed, or made, before the passing of this Act; and

(iv)

any instrument made, before the passing of this Act, under Northern Ireland legislation.

(5)

Nothing in this section limits the power under section 153(8) to include provision for transitory, transitional or saving purposes in an order under that section.

(6)

The amendments that may be made by virtue of subsection (4)(b) are in addition to those made by or which may be made under any other provision of this Act.

(7)

In this section “subordinate legislation” has the same meaning as in the Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30).

(8)

Her Majesty may by Order in Council extend any provision made by virtue of subsection (4)(b), with such modifications as may appear to Her Majesty to be appropriate, to the Isle of Man or any British overseas territory.

(9)

The power under subsection (8) includes power to make supplementary, incidental, consequential, transitory, transitional or saving provision.

(10)

Subsection (8) does not apply in relation to amendments of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52).

149Repeals and revocations

Schedule 28 contains repeals and revocations, including repeals of spent enactments.

150Financial provisions

There is to be paid out of money provided by Parliament—

(a)

any expenditure incurred by virtue of this Act by a Minister of the Crown; and

(b)

any increase attributable to this Act in the sums payable under any other Act out of money so provided.

151Effect of amendments to criminal justice provisions applied for purposes of service law

(1)

In this section “relevant criminal justice provisions” means provisions of, or made under, an Act which—

(a)

relate to criminal justice; and

(b)

have been applied (with or without modifications) for any purposes of service law by any provision of, or made under, any Act.

(2)

Unless the contrary intention appears, any amendment by this Act of relevant criminal justice provisions also amends those provisions as so applied.

(3)

Subsection (2) does not apply to any amendments made by Part 1.

(4)

In this section “service law” means—

(a)

the system of service law established by the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52); or

(b)

any of the systems of service law superseded by that Act (namely, military law, air force law and the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53)).

152Extent

(1)

Subject as follows and to any other provision of this Act, this Act extends to England and Wales only.

(2)

The following provisions of this Act extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—

(a)

section 77;

(b)

section 96;

(c)

section 113 (together with such of the other provisions of Part 7 as relate to the commission of offences under that section);

(d)

Part 10;

(e)

this Part (subject to subsection (5)).

(3)

The following provisions of this Act extend to England and Wales and Northern Ireland—

(a)

section 3 and Schedule 3;

(b)

section 39(3) and (6)(d) and paragraph 7 of Schedule 7;

(c)

sections 63 to 68 and Schedule 14;

(d)

section 76;

(e)

section 85(6) and (7) (so far as relating to any provision of Part 3 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 which extends to Northern Ireland);

(f)

sections 86 and 90 to 92 and Schedules 18 and 19.

(4)

The following provisions of this Act extend to Northern Ireland only—

(a)

sections 82 and 83;

(b)

sections 87 to 89;

(c)

section 122 and Schedule 21.

(5)

Except as otherwise provided by this Act, an amendment, repeal or revocation of any enactment by any provision of this Act extends to the part or parts of the United Kingdom to which the enactment extends.

(6)

The following amendments and repeals also extend to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man—

(a)

the amendments of sections 26 and 70(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (c. 54) (transfers between England or Wales and the Channel Islands or Isle of Man) made by Schedule 4, and

(b)

the repeals in Part 1 of Schedule 28 relating to those amendments.

(7)

In section 7(2) of the Nuclear Material (Offences) Act 1983 (c. 18) (application to Channel Islands, Isle of Man, etc.) the reference to that Act includes a reference to that Act as amended by Schedule 17.

(8)

In section 9(4) of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984 (c. 47) (power to extend provisions of that Act to the Channel Islands etc.) the reference to that Act includes a reference to that Act as amended by any provision of this Act.

(9)

In section 384 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52) (extent to Channel Islands, Isle of Man, etc.) any reference to that Act includes a reference to—

(a)

that Act as amended by or under any provision of this Act,

(b)

section 151, and

(c)

paragraph 34 of Schedule 25.

(10)

Nothing in this section restricts the operation of section 76 and paragraph 27 of Schedule 27 in their application in relation to service offences (within the meaning of that paragraph).

153Commencement

(1)

The following provisions of this Act come into force on the day on which this Act is passed—

(a)

section 53, Schedule 13, paragraph 77 of Schedule 26 and the repeals in Part 4 of Schedule 28 relating to—

(i)

paragraphs 13 and 22 of Schedule 3 to the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), and

(ii)

Part 4 of Schedule 37 to that Act;

(b)

section 77;

(c)

section 128;

(d)

sections 138(1) to (4) and 139;

(e)

section 147;

(f)

section 148(3) to (7);

(g)

sections 150 and 152;

(h)

this section;

(i)

section 154;

(j)

paragraphs 6(3) and 12 to 16 of Schedule 16 and the repeals in Part 5 of Schedule 28 relating to Part 3A of the Public Order Act 1986 (c. 64);

(k)

paragraphs 35 to 39 of Schedule 26.

(2)

The following provisions of this Act come into force at the end of the period of 2 months beginning with the day on which it is passed—

(a)

section 62 and the related repeal in Part 4 of Schedule 28;

(b)

section 69 and paragraph 24 of Schedule 26;

(c)

section 70 and paragraph 25 of Schedule 26;

(d)

section 79 and the related repeals in Part 5 of Schedule 28;

(e)

paragraphs 2 to 7 of Schedule 15;

(f)

paragraph 24 of Schedule 27.

(3)

Where any particular provision or provisions of a Schedule come into force in accordance with subsection (1) or (2), the section introducing the Schedule also comes into force in accordance with that subsection so far as relating to the particular provision or provisions.

(4)

The following provisions come into force on such day as the Lord Chancellor may by order appoint—

(a)

section 19;

(b)

section 41;

(c)

sections 56 to 58;

(d)

sections 80 to 92 and Schedules 18 and 19;

(e)

paragraph 29 of Schedule 27.

(5)

Sections 119 to 121 come into force—

(a)

in relation to English NHS premises, on such day as the Secretary of State may by order appoint, and

(b)

in relation to Welsh NHS premises, on such day as the Welsh Ministers may by order appoint.

(6)

Section 122 and Schedule 21 come into force on such day as the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety may by order appoint.

(7)

The other provisions of this Act come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by order appoint.

(8)

An order under any of subsections (4) to (7) may—

(a)

appoint different days for different purposes and in relation to different areas;

(b)

make such provision as the person making the order considers necessary or expedient for transitory, transitional or saving purposes in connection with the coming into force of any provision falling within that subsection.

154Short title

This Act may be cited as the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008.