Legislation – Planning and Infrastructure Act 2025

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Introduction

Part 1
Infrastructure

Chapter 1 Nationally significant infrastructure projects

1 National policy statements: review

2 National policy statements: parliamentary requirements

3 Projects relating to water

4 Power to disapply requirement for development consent

5 Applications for development consent: removal of certain pre-application requirements

6 Applications for development consent: changes related to section 5

7 Applications for development consent: acceptance stage

8 Applications for development consent: local impact reports and representations

9 Examination of applications for development consent

10 Applications for development consent: costs

11 Planning Act 2008: right to enter and survey land

12 Changes to, and revocation of, development consent orders

13 Planning Act 2008: legal challenges

Chapter 2 Electricity infrastructure

Connections to the electricity transmission and distribution systems

14 Connections to electricity network: licence and other modifications

15 Scope of modification power under section 14

16 Procedure relating to modifications under section 14

17 Directions to modify connection agreements

18 Managing connections to the network: strategic plans etc

Consents for electricity infrastructure in Scotland

19 Consents for generating stations and overhead lines: applications

20 Variation of consents etc

21 Proceedings for questioning certain decisions on consents

22 Applications for necessary wayleaves: fees

23 Regulations

24 : minor and consequential amendments

25 Environmental impact assessments for electricity works

Long duration electricity storage

26 Long duration electricity storage

Consumer benefits

27 Benefits for homes near electricity transmission projects

Electricity transmission period

28 Electricity transmission systems: extension of commissioning period

Electricity generation on forestry land

29 Use of forestry estate for renewable electricity

Wind generating stations and seismic array systems

30 Wind generating stations that may affect seismic array systems

Chapter 3 Transport infrastructure

Amendments to the Highways Act 1980

31 Fees for certain services

32 Power of strategic highways company in relation to trunk roads

33 Deadlines for consultation and decisions on certain orders and schemes

34 Procedure for certain orders and schemes

35 Compulsory acquisition powers to include taking of temporary possession

Amendments to the Transport and Works Act 1992

36 Replacement of model clauses with guidance

37 Removal of special procedure for projects of national significance

38 Duty to hold inquiry or hearing

39 Costs of inquiries

40 Deadline for decisions

41 Publication of decisions and time for bringing challenge

42 Fees for certain services

43 Deemed grant of listed building consent etc

44 Deemed consent under marine licence

45 Authorisation of applications by local authorities

46 Extension to Scotland of certain amendments

47 Power to make consequential amendments

Harbours

48 Fees for applications for harbour orders

Electric vehicle charge points etc

49 Installation of electric vehicle charge points

50 Accessibility of public charging or refuelling points

Part 2
Planning

Chapter 1 Planning decisions

51 Fees for planning applications etc

52 Surcharge on planning fees

53 Training for local planning authorities in England

54 Delegation of planning decisions in England

55 Directions giving deemed planning permission: special regard to heritage assets

56 Planning permission etc: extension of time in event of legal challenge

57 Provision of advice by Natural England to public authorities

Chapter 2 Spatial development strategies

58 Spatial development strategies

Part 3
Development and nature recovery

59 Overview of EDPs

60 Scope of an EDP: area, kind and volume of development and time period

61 Environmental features, environmental impacts and conservation measures

62 Nature restoration levy: charging schedules

63 Other requirements for an EDP

64 Draft EDP: notification and consultation

65 Making of EDP by Secretary of State

66 Publication of EDP

67 Reporting on an EDP

68 Amendment of an EDP

69 Revocation of an EDP

70 Remedial action by Secretary of State where EDP ends or is revoked

71 Challenging an EDP

72 Commitment to pay the nature restoration levy

73 Regulations about the nature restoration levy

74 Liability to pay the levy

75 Amount of the levy

76 Appeals

77 Use of nature restoration levy

78 Collection of nature restoration levy

79 Enforcement

80 Compensation

81 Guidance about the nature restoration levy

82 Administering, implementing and monitoring EDPs

83 Power to enter and survey or investigate land

84 Warrant to enter and survey or investigate land

85 Powers of entry: further provision

86 Powers of entry: compensation

87 Powers of entry: offences

88 Remedial action: powers of Secretary of State etc to enter and survey or investigate land

89 Compulsory purchase powers: Natural England

90 Compulsory purchase powers: Secretary of State

91 Annual reports

92 Power to designate person to exercise functions under this Part

93 Transfer schemes in connection with regulations under section 92(1)

94 General duties when exercising functions relating to EDPs

95 Duty of co-operation

96 Amendments relating to this Part

97 Regulations

98 Application to the Crown

99 Interpretation

Part 4
Development corporations

100 Areas for development and remit

101 Relationship between different types of development corporation

102 Duties to have regard to sustainable development and climate change

103 Powers in relation to infrastructure

104 Exercise of transport functions and transfer schemes

Part 5
Compulsory purchase

105 Electronic service etc

106 Required content of newspaper notices

107 Confirmation by acquiring authority: orders with modifications

108 General vesting declarations: expedited procedure

109 General vesting declarations: advancement of vesting by agreement

110 Adjustment of basic and occupier’s loss payments

111 Home loss payments: exclusions

112 Temporary possession of land in connection with compulsory purchase

113 Amendments relating to of the

114 New powers to appoint an inspector

Part 6
Miscellaneous and general provision

115 Reporting on extra-territorial environmental outcomes

116 The Crown

117 Extent

118 Commencement and transitional provision

119 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Minor and consequential amendments to the Electricity Act 1989

Schedule 2 Section 58: minor and consequential amendments

Schedule 3 Environmental delivery plans: effect on environmental obligations

Schedule 4 Compulsory acquisition of land under Part 3: supplementary provisions

Schedule 5 Amendments relating to Part 3

Changes to legislation:

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Schedules

Schedule 2Section 58: minor and consequential amendments

Section 58(3)

Town and Country Planning Act 1990

1

(1)

Section 303A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (responsibility of local planning authorities for costs of holding certain inquiries) is amended as follows.

(2)

In subsection (1A), before paragraph (a) insert—

“(zza)

a public examination under section 12I or 12P(6)(a) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004;”.

(3)

After subsection (1B) insert—

“(1BA)

Where the qualifying procedure is a public examination of a spatial development strategy under section 12I or 12P(6)(a) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, the appropriate authority is the Secretary of State.”

(4)

In subsection (2), for “or corporate joint committee” substitute “, corporate joint committee or strategic planning authority”.

(5)

In subsection (3), for “or corporate joint committee” substitute “, corporate joint committee or strategic planning authority”.

(6)

In subsection (6), for “or corporate joint committee” substitute “, corporate joint committee or strategic planning authority”.

(7)

In subsection (9A)—

(a)

in the opening words and in paragraph (a), for “or corporate joint committee” substitute “, corporate joint committee or strategic planning authority”;

(b)

for paragraph (b) substitute—

“(b)

the Secretary of State (or a person acting on the Secretary of State’s behalf) holds a public or independent examination in relation to a strategy, plan or document prepared by the local planning authority or strategic planning authority, or by the Secretary of State under section 12P(2)(a) or 15HA(2)(a) of that Act.”

(8)

After subsection (9B) (as inserted by paragraph 7(4) of Schedule 8 to LURA 2023) insert—

“(9C)

In a case where a qualifying procedure is carried out in relation to a spatial development strategy that is prepared by a strategic planning board under Part 1A of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (see section 12B of that Act), the Secretary of State may for the purposes of this section apportion the amount that may be recovered in accordance with subsections (4) to (6) between the constituent authorities of the board, on such basis as the Secretary of State considers just and reasonable.”

(9)

After subsection (12) (as inserted by paragraph 7(6) of Schedule 8 to LURA 2023) insert—

“(13)

In this section “strategic planning authority” has the meaning given by section 12A of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004.”

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I1Sch. 2 para. 1 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004

2

PCPA 2004 is amended as set out in paragraphs 3 to 5.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I2Sch. 2 para. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

3

In section 15LH (interpretation) (as inserted by Schedule 7 to LURA 2023), in subsection (3), in the definition of “spatial development strategy”—

(a)

in paragraph (b), after “adopted” insert “before Part 1A comes into force”;

(b)

after paragraph (b) insert—

“(ba)

a spatial development strategy adopted before Part 1A comes into force by a combined county authority established under section 9 of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023;

(bb)

a spatial development strategy within the meaning of Part 1A (see section 12W(1));”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I3Sch. 2 para. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

4

In section 39A (assistance with plan making) (as inserted by section 100 of LURA 2023), in subsection (5), after paragraph (b) insert—

“(ba)

a spatial development strategy within the meaning of Part 1A (see section 12W(1));”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I4Sch. 2 para. 4 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

5

In section 113 (validity of strategies, plans and documents)—

(a)

in subsection (9)(f) (as inserted by paragraph 23(3)(c) of Schedule 8 to LURA 2023), after “adopted” insert “before Part 1A comes into force”;

(b)

after subsection (9)(f) insert—

“(fa)

in the case of a spatial development strategy adopted before Part 1A comes into force by a combined county authority established under section 9 of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023, or any alteration or replacement of it, whichever provisions of (or applied by) an order under that Act give the combined county authority powers in relation to such a strategy;

(fb)

Part 1A of this Act in the case of a spatial development strategy within the meaning of that Part (see section 12W(1)), or any alteration or replacement of it.”

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I5Sch. 2 para. 5 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023

6

LURA 2023 is amended as set out in paragraphs 7 to 11.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I6Sch. 2 para. 6 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

7

In section 91 (interpretation of Chapter 1 of Part 3), in the definition of “relevant planning authority”, after paragraph (e) insert—

“(ea)

a strategic planning authority (within the meaning given in section 12A of PCPA 2004),”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I7Sch. 2 para. 7 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

8

In section 97 (plan making), omit “joint spatial development strategies,”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I8Sch. 2 para. 8 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

9

In section 100 (assistance with plan making), in section 39A of PCPA 2004 inserted by that section, in subsection (5)(b), omit “or Part 2 of this Act”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I9Sch. 2 para. 9 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

10

In Schedule 7 (plan making), omit the following provisions substituted for sections 15 to 37 of PCPA 2004—

(a)

sections 15A to 15AI;

(b)

the italic heading before section 15A;

(c)

section 15LE(2)(a), (b) and (c);

(d)

in section 15LH(3)—

(i)

the definition of “joint spatial development strategy”;

(ii)

paragraph (c) of the definition of “spatial development strategy”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I10Sch. 2 para. 10 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

11

(1)

Schedule 8 (minor and consequential amendments in connection with Chapter 2 of Part 3) is amended as follows.

(2)

In paragraph 7, omit sub-paragraph (2)(a).

(3)

In paragraph 21(a), in the words substituted for words in section 39(1)(b) of PCPA 2004, omit “joint spatial development strategy,”.

(4)

In paragraph 23—

(a)

in sub-paragraph (3)(c), omit paragraph (g) inserted into section 113(9) of PCPA 2004;

(b)

in sub-paragraph (5), in subsection (13) inserted into section 113 of PCPA 2004, for “, “spatial development strategy for London” and “joint spatial development strategy”” substitute “and “spatial development strategy for London””.

(5)

In paragraph 25—

(a)

in paragraph (a), omit paragraph (za) inserted into section 122(5) of PCPA 2004;

(b)

in paragraph (b), in the words inserted into section 122(6) of PCPA 2004, omit “(za),”.

(6)

In paragraph 39(6), in paragraph (6)(a) inserted into regulation 108 of the Habitats Regulations, omit “joint spatial development strategy,”.

(7)

In paragraph 40—

(a)

in sub-paragraph (2)(a), in the words substituted for words in paragraph (b) of the definition of “land use plan” in regulation 111(1) of the Habitats Regulations, omit “joint spatial development strategy,”;

(b)

in sub-paragraph (3)(a), omit sub-paragraph (aa) substituted for regulation 111(2)(a) and (b) of the Habitats Regulations.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I11Sch. 2 para. 11 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

Habitats Regulations

12

(1)

Regulation 111 of the Habitats Regulations (interpretation of Chapter 8) is amended as follows.

(2)

In paragraph (1), in the definition of “land use plan”—

(a)

in paragraph (a), for “(the spatial development strategy)” substitute “(the spatial development strategy for London)”;

(b)

after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aa)

a spatial development strategy as provided for in Part 1A of the 2004 Planning Act;

(ab)

a spatial development strategy of a combined authority established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009, not being a spatial development strategy within paragraph (aa);

(ac)

a spatial development strategy of a combined county authority established under section 9 of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023, not being a spatial development strategy within paragraph (aa);”.

(3)

In paragraph (1), in the definition of “plan-making authority”—

(a)

in paragraph (a), after “replacement” insert “of the spatial development strategy for London”;

(b)

after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aa)

a strategic planning authority (within the meaning given in section 12A of the 2004 Planning Act);

(ab)

a combined authority established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 when exercising powers in relation to a spatial development strategy specified in paragraph (ab) of the definition of “land use plan”;

(ac)

a combined county authority established under section 9 of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023 when exercising powers in relation to a spatial development strategy specified in paragraph (ac) of the definition of “land use plan;”;

(c)

in paragraph (c), before sub-paragraph (ii) insert—

“(ia)

section 12P or 12Q of the 2004 Planning Act (Secretary of State’s powers in relation to spatial development strategy);”.

(4)

In paragraph (2)—

(a)

in sub-paragraph (c), after “strategy”, in both places, insert “for London”;

(b)

after sub-paragraph (c) insert—

“(ca)

the adoption or approval of a spatial development strategy or of an alteration of such a strategy under Part 1A of the 2004 Planning Act;

(cb)

the adoption or alteration of a spatial development strategy specified in paragraph (ab) of the definition of “land use plan”;

(cc)

the adoption or alteration of a spatial development strategy specified in paragraph (ac) of the definition of “land use plan”;”.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I12Sch. 2 para. 12 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)

Interpretation

13

In this Schedule—

PCPA 2004” means the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004;

LURA 2023” means the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023;

Habitats Regulations” means the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1012).

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I13Sch. 2 para. 13 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 118(2)(g)