Legislation – Mental Health Act 2025

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Introduction

1 Principles to inform decisions

2 Application of principles to Wales

3 Application of the Mental Health Act 1983: autism and learning disability

4 People with autism or learning disability

5 Grounds for detention

6 Grounds for community treatment orders

7 Grounds for discharge by tribunal

8 Appropriate medical treatment: therapeutic benefit

9 Remission or release of prisoners etc from hospital: treatment condition

10 Nomination of the responsible clinician

11 Making treatment decisions

12 Appointment of doctors to provide second opinions

13 Medicine etc: treatment conflicting with a decision by or on behalf of a patient

14 Medicine etc: treatment in other circumstances

15 Electro-convulsive therapy etc

16 Review of treatment

17 Urgent treatment to alleviate serious suffering

18 Urgent electro-convulsive therapy etc

19 Remote assessment for treatment

20 Capacity to consent to treatment

21 Care and treatment plans

22 Consultation of the community clinician

23 Conditions of community treatment orders

24 Nominated person

25 Applications for admission or guardianship: role of nominated person

26 Discharge of patients: role of nominated person

27 Community treatment orders: role of nominated person

28 Transfer of patients: role of nominated person

29 Detention periods

30 Periods for tribunal applications

31 References to tribunal

32 References: restricted patients subject to deprivation of liberty conditions

33 References: restricted patients not subject to deprivation of liberty conditions

34 Discharge: process

35 Conditional discharge subject to deprivation of liberty conditions

36 Transfers of prisoners and others to hospital: conditions

37 Transfers of prisoners and others to hospital: time limits

38 Transfer directions for persons detained in youth detention accommodation

39 Minor amendment

40 Independent mental health advocates

41 Information about complaints for detained patients

42 Information about complaints for community patients

43 Information for conditionally discharged patients

44 Advance choice documents

45 Tribunal power to recommend after-care

46 After-care services

47 Tribunal powers in guardianship cases: burden of proof

48 Removal of police stations and prisons as places of safety

49 Remand for a person’s own protection etc

50 Removal of interim remand patients to and from Channel Islands or Isle of Man

51 Human Rights Act 1998: extension to certain private care providers

52 Review of duty to notify incidents

53 Power of Secretary of State to make consequential provision

54 Power of Welsh Ministers to make consequential provision

55 Extent

56 Commencement

57 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Application of the 1983 Act to autism and learning disability: amendments and transitory provision

Schedule 2 Nominated persons

Schedule 3 Independent mental health advocates

Periods for applications and references to tribunal

32References: restricted patients subject to deprivation of liberty conditions

(1)

The Mental Health Act 1983 is amended as follows.

(2)

In section 71 (references by Secretary of State concerning restricted patients)—

(a)

in subsection (3A), for the words from “include” to the end substitute “make—

(a)

provision subject to specified exceptions,

(b)

different provision for different cases or areas, and

(c)

transitional, consequential, incidental or supplemental provision.”;

(b)

after subsection (4) insert—

“(4A)

Sections 73 and 74 do not apply to a reference under subsection (1) in respect of a patient who has been conditionally discharged and not recalled to hospital but on any such reference the tribunal may—

(a)

vary any condition to which the patient is subject in connection with the patient’s discharge or impose any condition which might have been imposed in connection with their discharge, or

(b)

direct that the restriction order, limitation direction or restriction direction to which the patient is subject ceases to have effect,

and if the tribunal gives a direction under paragraph (b) the patient ceases to be liable to be detained by virtue of the relevant hospital order, hospital direction or transfer direction.

(4B)

Conditions amounting to a deprivation of liberty may be imposed under subsection (4A)(a) only if the tribunal is satisfied—

(a)

that conditions amounting to a deprivation of the patient’s liberty are necessary for the protection of another person from serious harm while the patient remains discharged from hospital, and

(b)

that for the patient to remain discharged subject to those conditions would be no less beneficial to their mental health than for them to be recalled to hospital.”

(3)

In section 75 (applications and references concerning conditionally discharged restricted patients)—

(a)

after subsection (2A) (as inserted by section 30(2)(c) of this Act) insert—

“(2C)

Where a restricted patient has been conditionally discharged, is subject to conditions amounting to a deprivation of liberty and has not been recalled to hospital, the Secretary of State must refer the patient’s case to the appropriate tribunal on the expiry of—

(a)

the period of 12 months beginning with the date on which the patient most recently became subject to conditions amounting to a deprivation of liberty (whether or not that was the date on which the patient was conditionally discharged), and

(b)

each subsequent period of two years.

(2D)

The Secretary of State is not required to make a reference under subsection (2C) if the patient’s case was considered by the appropriate tribunal during the period in question.

(2E)

The Secretary of State must refer to the appropriate tribunal the case of any restricted patient who has been conditionally discharged, is subject to conditions amounting to a deprivation of liberty and has not been recalled to hospital if—

(a)

the patient’s case has not been considered by the appropriate tribunal within the last four years, and

(b)

there is no pending application or reference to the appropriate tribunal in relation to the patient’s case.

(2F)

The Secretary of State may by order vary the length of a period mentioned in subsection (2C) or (2E).

(2G)

An order under subsection (2F) may make—

(a)

provision subject to specified exceptions;

(b)

different provision for different cases or areas;

(c)

transitional, consequential, incidental or supplemental provision.

(2H)

Any reference under subsection (2C) or (2E) must be made to the tribunal for the area in which the patient resides.

(2I)

References in this section to the patient’s case being considered by the appropriate tribunal are to the patient’s case being considered by the appropriate tribunal on the patient’s own application or otherwise.”;

(b)

in subsection (3)—

(i)

after “subsection (2) above” insert “, or any reference under subsection (2C) or (2E);

(ii)

after “such application” insert “or reference”;

(c)

after subsection (3) insert—

“(4)

Conditions amounting to a deprivation of liberty may be imposed under subsection (3)(a) only if the tribunal is satisfied—

(a)

that conditions amounting to a deprivation of the patient’s liberty are necessary for the protection of another person from serious harm while the patient remains discharged from hospital, and

(b)

that for the patient to remain discharged subject to those conditions would be no less beneficial to their mental health than for them to be recalled to hospital.”

(4)

In section 143 (general provisions as to regulations, orders and rules), in subsection (3), for “or 71(3)” substitute “, 71(3) or 75(2F).

(5)

The amendments made by this section apply in relation to any person who is a restricted patient within the meaning given by subsection (1) of section 79 of the Mental Health Act 1983, or is treated as a restricted patient as a result of that subsection, whether the person became such a patient (or treated as such a patient) before or after the coming into force of this section.