Legislation – Coroners and Justice Act 2009

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Introduction

Part 1
Coroners

Chapter 1 Investigations into deaths

Duty to investigate

1 Duty to investigate certain deaths

Investigation by other coroner

2 Request for other coroner to conduct investigation

3 Direction for other coroner to conduct investigation

Discontinuance of investigation

4 Discontinuance where cause of death becomes clear before inquest

Purpose of investigation

5 Matters to be ascertained

Inquests

6 Duty to hold inquest

7 Whether jury required

8 Assembling a jury

9 Determinations and findings by jury

9A Surrender of electronic communications devices by jurors

9B Surrender of electronic communications devices: powers of search etc

9C Inquests without jury to be conducted at hearing or in writing

Outcome of investigation

10 Determinations and findings to be made

Suspension

11 Duty or power to suspend or resume investigations

Deaths related to the Northern Ireland Troubles

11A Investigations and inquests into Troubles-related deaths

Death of service personnel abroad

12 Investigation in Scotland

13 Investigation in England and Wales despite body being brought to Scotland

Ancillary powers of coroners in relation to deaths

14 Post-mortem examinations

15 Power to remove body

Miscellaneous

16 Investigations lasting more than a year

17 Monitoring of and training for investigations into deaths of service personnel

Chapter 2 Notification, certification and registration of deaths

18 Notification by medical practitioner to senior coroner

18A Medical examiners: England

18B Medical examiners: Wales

19 Medical examiners : supplementary

20 Medical certificate of cause of death

21 National Medical Examiner

Chapter 3 Coroner areas, appointments etc

22 Coroner areas

23 Appointment etc of senior coroners, area coroners and assistant coroners

24 Provision of staff and accommodation

Chapter 4 Investigations concerning treasure

25 Coroner for Treasure and Assistant Coroners for Treasure

26 Investigations concerning treasure

27 Inquests concerning treasure

28 Outcome of investigations concerning treasure

29 Exception to duty to investigate

30 Duty to notify Coroner for Treasure etc of acquisition of certain objects

31 Code of practice under the Treasure Act 1996

Chapter 5 Further provision to do with investigations and deaths

32 Powers of coroners

33 Offences

34 Allowances, fees and expenses

Chapter 6 Governance etc

35 Chief Coroner and Deputy Chief Coroners

36 Reports and advice to the Lord Chancellor from the Chief Coroner

37 Regulations about training

38 Medical Adviser and Deputy Medical Advisers to the Chief Coroner

39 Inspection of coroner system

40 Appeals to the Chief Coroner

41 Investigation by Chief Coroner or Coroner for Treasure or by judge, former judge or former coroner

42 Guidance by the Lord Chancellor

Chapter 7 Supplementary

43 Coroners regulations

44 Treasure regulations

45 Coroners rules

46 Abolition of the office of coroner of the Queen’s household

47 “Interested person”

48 Interpretation: general

49 Amendments to the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959

50 Amendments to the Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1976

51 Public funding for advocacy at certain inquests

Part 2
Criminal offences

Chapter 1 Murder, infanticide and suicide

52 Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (England and Wales)

53 Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (Northern Ireland)

54 Partial defence to murder: loss of control

55 Meaning of “qualifying trigger”

56 Abolition of common law defence of provocation

57 Infanticide (England and Wales)

58 Infanticide (Northern Ireland)

59 Encouraging or assisting suicide (England and Wales)

60 Encouraging or assisting suicide (Northern Ireland)

61 Encouraging or assisting suicide: information society services

Chapter 2 Images of children

62 Possession of prohibited images of children

63 Exclusion of classified film etc

64 Defences

65 Meaning of “image” and “child”

66 Penalties

67 Entry, search, seizure and forfeiture

68 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

69 Indecent pseudo-photographs of children: marriage etc

Chapter 3 Other offences

70 Genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes

71 Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour

72 Conspiracy

73 Abolition of common law libel offences etc

Part 3
Criminal evidence, investigations and procedure

Chapter 1 Anonymity in investigations

74 Qualifying offences

75 Qualifying criminal investigations

76 Investigation anonymity orders

77 Applications

78 Conditions for making order

79 Appeal against refusal of order

80 Discharge of order

81 Delegation of functions

82 Public interest immunity

83 Review

84 Application to armed forces

85 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 2 Anonymity of witnesses

86 Witness anonymity orders

87 Applications

88 Conditions for making order

89 Relevant considerations

90 Warning to jury

91 Discharge or variation of order

92 Discharge or variation after proceedings

93 Discharge or variation by appeal court

94 Special provisions for service courts

95 Public interest immunity

96 Power to make orders under the 2008 Act

97 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 3 Vulnerable and intimidated witnesses

98 Eligibility for special measures: age of child witnesses

99 Eligibility for special measures: offences involving weapons

100 Special measures directions for child witnesses

101 Special provisions relating to sexual offences

102 Evidence by live link: presence of supporter

103 Video recorded evidence in chief: supplementary testimony

104 Examination of accused through intermediary

105 Age of child complainant

Chapter 4 Live links

106 Directions to attend through live link

107 Answering to live link bail

108 Searches of persons answering to live link bail

109 Use of live link in certain enforcement hearings

110 Direction of registrar for appeal hearing by live link

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous

111 Effect of admission of video recording

112 Admissibility of evidence of previous complaints

113 Powers in respect of offenders who assist investigations and prosecutions

114 Bail: risk of committing an offence causing injury

115 Bail decisions in murder cases to be made by Crown Court judge

116 Indictment of offenders

117 Detention of persons under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000

Part 4
Sentencing

Chapter 1 Sentencing Council for England and Wales

Sentencing Council for England and Wales

118 Sentencing Council for England and Wales

118A Business plan

119 Annual report

Guidelines

120 Sentencing guidelines

121 Sentencing ranges

122 Allocation guidelines

123 Preparation or revision of guidelines in urgent cases

124 Proposals by Lord Chancellor or Court of Appeal

Duties of the court

125 Sentencing guidelines: duty of court

126 Determination of tariffs etc

Other functions of the Council

127 Resource implications of guidelines

128 Monitoring

129 Promoting awareness

130 Resources: effect of sentencing practice

131 Resources: effect of factors not related to sentencing

132 Duty to assess impact of policy and legislative proposals

Lord Chancellor’s functions

133 Assistance by the Lord Chancellor

134 Entrenchment of Lord Chancellor’s functions

Miscellaneous and general

135 Abolition of existing sentencing bodies

136 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 2 Other provisions relating to sentencing

Driving disqualification

137 Extension of driving disqualification

Dangerous offenders

138 Dangerous offenders: terrorism offences (England and Wales)

139 Dangerous offenders: terrorism offences (Northern Ireland)

Confiscation orders

140 Appeals against certain confiscation orders (England and Wales)

141 Appeals against certain confiscation orders (Northern Ireland)

Part 5
Miscellaneous criminal justice provisions

142 Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses

143 Implementation of E-Commerce and Services directives: penalties

144 Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

145 Transfer to Parole Board of functions under the Criminal Justice Act 1991

146 Retention of knives surrendered or seized (England and Wales)

147 Retention of knives surrendered or seized (Northern Ireland)

148 Security in tribunal buildings

Part 6
Legal aid and other payments for legal services

149 Community Legal Service: pilot schemes

150 Excluded services: help in connection with business matters

151 Criminal Defence Service: information requests

152 Criminal Defence Service: enforcement of order to pay cost of representation

153 Statutory instruments relating to the Legal Services Commission

154 Damages-based agreements relating to employment matters

Part 7
Criminal memoirs etc

155 Exploitation proceeds orders

156 Qualifying offenders

157 Qualifying offenders: service offences

158 Qualifying offenders: supplementary

159 Relevant offences

160 Deriving a benefit

161 Applications

162 Determination of applications

163 Limits on recoverable amount

164 The available amount

165 Property

166 Effect of conviction being quashed etc

167 Powers of court on repeat applications

168 Additional proceeds reporting orders

169 Exploitation proceeds investigations

170 Functions of Serious Organised Crime Agency

171 Limitation

172 Interpretation of this Part

Part 8
Data Protection Act 1998

173 Assessment notices

174 Data-sharing code of practice

175 Further amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

Part 9
General

176 Orders, regulations and rules

177 Consequential etc amendments and transitional and saving provisions

178 Repeals

179 Financial provision

180 Effect of amendments to provisions applied for purposes of service law

181 Extent

182 Commencement

183 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Duty or power to suspend or resume investigations

SCHEDULE 1A Investigations and inquests into Troubles-related deaths

Schedule 2 Coroner areas

Schedule 3 Appointment etc of senior coroners, area coroners and assistant coroners

Schedule 4 Coroner for Treasure and Assistant Coroners for Treasure

Schedule 5 Powers of coroners

Schedule 6 Offences

Schedule 7 Allowances, fees and expenses

Schedule 8 Chief Coroner and Deputy Chief Coroners

Schedule 9 Medical adviser and Deputy medical advisers to the Chief Coroner

Schedule 10 Investigation by Chief Coroner or Coroner for Treasure or by judge, former judge or former coroner

Schedule 11 Amendments to the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959

Schedule 12 Encouraging or assisting suicide: providers of information society services

Schedule 13 Prohibited images: providers of information society services

Schedule 14 Schedule 1A to the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999

Schedule 15 The Sentencing Council for England and Wales

Schedule 16 Extension of disqualification for driving

Schedule 17 Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

Schedule 18 Motor vehicle orders

Schedule 19 Exploitation proceeds investigations

Schedule 20 Amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

Schedule 21 Minor and consequential amendments

Schedule 22 Transitional, transitory and saving provisions

Schedule 23 Repeals

Changes to legislation:

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Part 1Coroners etc

Chapter 4Investigations concerning treasure

30Duty to notify Coroner for Treasure etc of acquisition of certain objects

(1)

After section 8 of the Treasure Act 1996 (c. 24) there is inserted—

“8ADuty to notify coroner of acquisition of certain objects

(1)

A person who—

(a)

acquires property in an object, and

(b)

believes or has reasonable grounds for believing—

(i)

that the object is treasure, and

(ii)

that notification in respect of the object has not been given under section 8(1) or this subsection,

must notify the Coroner for Treasure before the end of the notice period.

(2)

The notice period is fourteen days beginning with—

(a)

the day after the person acquires property in the object; or

(b)

if later, the day on which the person first believes or has reason to believe—

(i)

that the object is treasure; and

(ii)

that notification in respect of the object has not been given under section 8(1) or subsection (1) of this section.

(3)

Any person who fails to comply with subsection (1) is guilty of an offence if—

(a)

notification in respect of the object has not been given under section 8(1) or subsection (1) of this section; and

(b)

there has been no investigation in relation to the object.

(4)

Any person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to—

(a)

imprisonment for a term not exceeding 51 weeks;

(b)

a fine of an amount not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale; or

(c)

both.

(5)

In proceedings for an offence under this section, it is a defence for the defendant to show that he had, and has continued to have, a reasonable excuse for failing to notify the Coroner for Treasure.

(6)

If the office of Coroner for Treasure is vacant, notification under subsection (1) must be given to an Assistant Coroner for Treasure.

(7)

In determining for the purposes of this section whether a person has acquired property in an object, section 4 is to be disregarded.

(8)

For the purposes of an investigation in relation to an object in respect of which notification has been given under subsection (1), the object is to be presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to have been found in England and Wales after the commencement of section 4.

(9)

This section has effect subject to section 8B.

(10)

In this section “investigation” means an investigation under section 26 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.

(11)

In its application to Northern Ireland this section has effect as if—

(a)

in subsection (1), for “Coroner for Treasure” there were substituted
coroner for the district in which the object is located
;

(b)

in subsection (3)(b), for “investigation” there were substituted
inquest
;

(c)

in subsection (4)(a), for “51 weeks” there were substituted
three months
;

(d)

in subsection (5), for “Coroner for Treasure” there were substituted
coroner
;

(e)

in subsection (6), for the words from “Coroner for Treasure” to “Assistant Coroner for Treasure” there were substituted
coroner for a district is vacant, the person acting as coroner for that district is the coroner for the purposes of subsection (1)
;

(f)

in subsection (8), for “investigation” there were substituted
inquest
and for “England and Wales” there were substituted
Northern Ireland
;

(g)

in subsection (10), for “ “investigation” means an investigation under section 26 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009” there were substituted
inquest” means an inquest held under section 7
.”

(2)

In section 10 of that Act (rewards), in subsection (5)
(persons to whom reward may be paid), at the end insert—

“(d)

any person who gave notice under section 8A in respect of the treasure.”

(3)

In relation to an offence under section 8A of that Act (inserted by subsection (1) above) committed before the commencement of section 280(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), a reference in the inserted section to 51 weeks is to be read as a reference to three months.