Legislation – Coroners and Justice Act 2009

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Introduction

Part 1
Coroners etc

Chapter 1 Investigations into deaths

Duty to investigate

1 Duty to investigate certain deaths

Investigation by other coroner

2 Request for other coroner to conduct investigation

3 Direction for other coroner to conduct investigation

Discontinuance of investigation

4 Discontinuance where cause of death revealed by post-mortem examination

Purpose of investigation

5 Matters to be ascertained

Inquests

6 Duty to hold inquest

7 Whether jury required

8 Assembling a jury

9 Determinations and findings by jury

Outcome of investigation

10 Determinations and findings to be made

Suspension

11 Duty or power to suspend or resume investigations

Death of service personnel abroad

12 Investigation in Scotland

13 Investigation in England and Wales despite body being brought to Scotland

Ancillary powers of coroners in relation to deaths

14 Post-mortem examinations

15 Power to remove body

Chapter 2 Notification, certification and registration of deaths

18 Notification by medical practitioner to senior coroner

19 Medical examiners

20 Medical certificate of cause of death

21 National Medical Examiner

Chapter 3 Coroner areas, appointments etc

22 Coroner areas

23 Appointment etc of senior coroners, area coroners and assistant coroners

24 Provision of staff and accommodation

Chapter 4 Investigations concerning treasure

25 Coroner for Treasure and Assistant Coroners for Treasure

26 Investigations concerning treasure

27 Inquests concerning treasure

28 Outcome of investigations concerning treasure

29 Exception to duty to investigate

30 Duty to notify Coroner for Treasure etc of acquisition of certain objects

31 Code of practice under the Treasure Act 1996

Chapter 5 Further provision to do with investigations and deaths

32 Powers of coroners

33 Offences

34 Allowances, fees and expenses

Chapter 6 Governance etc

35 Chief Coroner and Deputy Chief Coroners

36 Reports and advice to the Lord Chancellor from the Chief Coroner

37 Regulations about training

38 Medical Adviser and Deputy Medical Advisers to the Chief Coroner

39 Inspection of coroner system

40 Appeals to the Chief Coroner

41 Investigation by Chief Coroner or Coroner for Treasure or by judge, former judge or former coroner

42 Guidance by the Lord Chancellor

Chapter 7 Supplementary

Regulations and rules

43 Coroners regulations

44 Treasure regulations

45 Coroners rules

Coroner of the Queen’s household

46 Abolition of the office of coroner of the Queen’s household

Interpretation

47 “Interested person”

48 Interpretation: general

Northern Ireland and Scotland amendments

49 Amendments to the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959

50 Amendments to the Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1976

16 Investigations lasting more than a year

17 Monitoring of and training for investigations into deaths of service personnel

51 Public funding for advocacy at certain inquests

Part 2
Criminal offences

Chapter 1 Murder, infanticide and suicide

Partial defence to murder: diminished responsibility

52 Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (England and Wales)

53 Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (Northern Ireland)

Partial defence to murder: loss of control

54 Partial defence to murder: loss of control

55 Meaning of “qualifying trigger”

56 Abolition of common law defence of provocation

Infanticide

57 Infanticide (England and Wales)

58 Infanticide (Northern Ireland)

Suicide

59 Encouraging or assisting suicide (England and Wales)

60 Encouraging or assisting suicide (Northern Ireland)

61 Encouraging or assisting suicide: information society services

Chapter 2 Images of children

Prohibited images

62 Possession of prohibited images of children

63 Exclusion of classified film etc

64 Defences

65 Meaning of “image” and “child”

66 Penalties

67 Entry, search, seizure and forfeiture

68 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

Indecent pseudo-photographs of children

69 Indecent pseudo-photographs of children: marriage etc

Chapter 3 Other offences

70 Genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes

71 Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour

72 Conspiracy

73 Abolition of common law libel offences etc

Part 3
Criminal evidence, investigations and procedure

Chapter 1 Anonymity in investigations

74 Qualifying offences

75 Qualifying criminal investigations

76 Investigation anonymity orders

77 Applications

78 Conditions for making order

79 Appeal against refusal of order

80 Discharge of order

81 Delegation of functions

82 Public interest immunity

83 Review

84 Application to armed forces

85 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 2 Anonymity of witnesses

Witness anonymity orders

86 Witness anonymity orders

87 Applications

88 Conditions for making order

89 Relevant considerations

90 Warning to jury

Discharge and variation

91 Discharge or variation of order

92 Discharge or variation after proceedings

93 Discharge or variation by appeal court

Service courts

94 Special provisions for service courts

Public interest immunity

95 Public interest immunity

The Criminal Evidence (Witness Anonymity) Act 2008

96 Power to make orders under the 2008 Act

Interpretation

97 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 3 Vulnerable and intimidated witnesses

Special measures for vulnerable and intimidated witnesses

98 Eligibility for special measures: age of child witnesses

99 Eligibility for special measures: offences involving weapons

100 Special measures directions for child witnesses

101 Special provisions relating to sexual offences

102 Evidence by live link: presence of supporter

103 Video recorded evidence in chief: supplementary testimony

Evidence of certain accused persons

104 Examination of accused through intermediary

Witnesses protected from cross-examination by accused in person

105 Age of child complainant

Chapter 4 Live links

106 Directions to attend through live link

107 Answering to live link bail

108 Searches of persons answering to live link bail

109 Use of live link in certain enforcement hearings

110 Direction of registrar for appeal hearing by live link

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous

Evidence by video recording

111 Effect of admission of video recording

Evidence of previous complaints

112 Admissibility of evidence of previous complaints

Immunity etc

113 Powers in respect of offenders who assist investigations and prosecutions

Bail

114 Bail: risk of committing an offence causing injury

115 Bail decisions in murder cases to be made by Crown Court judge

Unsigned indictments

116 Indictment of offenders

Detention of terrorist suspects

117 Detention of persons under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000

Part 4
Sentencing

Chapter 1 Sentencing Council for England and Wales

Sentencing Council for England and Wales

118 Sentencing Council for England and Wales

119 Annual report

Guidelines

120 Sentencing guidelines

121 Sentencing ranges

122 Allocation guidelines

123 Preparation or revision of guidelines in urgent cases

124 Proposals by Lord Chancellor or Court of Appeal

Duties of the court

125 Sentencing guidelines: duty of court

126 Determination of tariffs etc

Other functions of the Council

127 Resource implications of guidelines

128 Monitoring

129 Promoting awareness

130 Resources: effect of sentencing practice

131 Resources: effect of factors not related to sentencing

132 Duty to assess impact of policy and legislative proposals

Lord Chancellor’s functions

133 Assistance by the Lord Chancellor

134 Entrenchment of Lord Chancellor’s functions

Miscellaneous and general

135 Abolition of existing sentencing bodies

136 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 2 Other provisions relating to sentencing

Driving disqualification

137 Extension of driving disqualification

Dangerous offenders

138 Dangerous offenders: terrorism offences (England and Wales)

139 Dangerous offenders: terrorism offences (Northern Ireland)

Confiscation orders

140 Appeals against certain confiscation orders (England and Wales)

141 Appeals against certain confiscation orders (Northern Ireland)

Part 5
Miscellaneous criminal justice provisions

142 Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses

143 Implementation of E-Commerce and Services directives: penalties

144 Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

145 Transfer to Parole Board of functions under the Criminal Justice Act 1991

146 Retention of knives surrendered or seized (England and Wales)

147 Retention of knives surrendered or seized (Northern Ireland)

148 Security in tribunal buildings

Part 6
Legal aid and other payments for legal services

149 Community Legal Service: pilot schemes

150 Excluded services: help in connection with business matters

151 Criminal Defence Service: information requests

152 Criminal Defence Service: enforcement of order to pay cost of representation

153 Statutory instruments relating to the Legal Services Commission

154 Damages-based agreements relating to employment matters

Part 7
Criminal memoirs etc

155 Exploitation proceeds orders

156 Qualifying offenders

157 Qualifying offenders: service offences

158 Qualifying offenders: supplementary

159 Relevant offences

160 Deriving a benefit

161 Applications

162 Determination of applications

163 Limits on recoverable amount

164 The available amount

165 Property

166 Effect of conviction being quashed etc

167 Powers of court on repeat applications

168 Additional proceeds reporting orders

169 Exploitation proceeds investigations

170 Functions of Serious Organised Crime Agency

171 Limitation

172 Interpretation of this Part

Part 8
Data Protection Act 1998

173 Assessment notices

174 Data-sharing code of practice

175 Further amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

Part 9
General

176 Orders, regulations and rules

177 Consequential etc amendments and transitional and saving provisions

178 Repeals

179 Financial provision

180 Effect of amendments to provisions applied for purposes of service law

181 Extent

182 Commencement

183 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Duty or power to suspend or resume investigations

Schedule 2 Coroner areas

Schedule 3 Appointment etc of senior coroners, area coroners and assistant coroners

Schedule 4 Coroner for Treasure and Assistant Coroners for Treasure

Schedule 5 Powers of coroners

Schedule 6 Offences

Schedule 7 Allowances, fees and expenses

Schedule 8 Chief Coroner and Deputy Chief Coroners

Schedule 9 Medical adviser and Deputy medical advisers to the Chief Coroner

Schedule 10 Investigation by Chief Coroner or Coroner for Treasure or by judge, former judge or former coroner

Schedule 11 Amendments to the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959

Schedule 12 Encouraging or assisting suicide: providers of information society services

Schedule 13 Prohibited images: providers of information society services

Schedule 14 Schedule 1A to the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999

Schedule 15 The Sentencing Council for England and Wales

Schedule 16 Extension of disqualification for driving

Schedule 17 Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

Schedule 18 Motor vehicle orders

Schedule 19 Exploitation proceeds investigations

Schedule 20 Amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

Schedule 21 Minor and consequential amendments

Schedule 22 Transitional, transitory and saving provisions

Schedule 23 Repeals

Schedules

Schedule 23Repeals

Section 178

Part 1Coroners etc

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 (c. 20)

In section 20, from “, at any time” to “of any person,”.

Section 21.

Section 23A(6).

In section 29(4), paragraph (b) and the “or” preceding it.

Section 34(4).

Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959 (c. 15)

Section 19.

Section 20.

Juries Act 1974 (c. 23)

Section 22(1).

Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)

In Schedule 6A, the entry relating to the Coroners Act 1988.

Coroners Act 1988 (c. 13)

The whole Act.

Caldey Island Act 1990 (c. 44)

Section 3.

In section 4(1), paragraph (c).

Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 (c. 19)

In Schedule 17, paragraph 23.

Treasure Act 1996 (c. 24)

Section 13.

Access to Justice Act 1999 (c. 22)

Section 71.

Section 104(1).

In Schedule 2, in paragraph 2, the “and” following paragraph (3).

Regional Assemblies (Prepara-tions) Act 2003 (c. 10)

In the Schedule, paragraph 2.

Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)

In Schedule 8, paragraph 302.

Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)

In Schedule 3, paragraph 59.

Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (c. 28)

In Schedule 10, paragraphs 26 and 27.

Human Tissue Act 2004 (c. 30)

In Schedule 6, paragraph 3.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)

In Schedule 1, paragraphs 19 to 21.

In Schedule 4, paragraphs 193 to 195.

In Schedule 7, in paragraph 4, the entry in Part A relating to the Coroners Act 1988.

Road Safety Act 2006 (c. 49)

Section 20(5).

Section 21(4).

Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52)

In Schedule 16, paragraphs 110 and 111.

Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 (c. 19)

In Schedule 2, paragraph 1.

Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 (c. 28)

In Schedule 1, paragraph 15.

Part 2Criminal offences

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Libel Act 1792 (c. 60)

The whole Act.

Criminal Libel Act 1819 (60 Geo. 3 & 1 Geo. 4 c. 8)

In section 1, from “, or any seditious libel” to “means”.

Libel Act 1843 (c. 96)

Sections 4 to 6.

Newspaper Libel and Registration Act 1881 (c. 60)

In section 4, from “as to the publication” to “malice, and”.

Law of Libel Amendment Act 1888 (c. 64)

Sections 3 and 4.

Defamation Act 1952 (c. 66)

Section 17(2).

Homicide Act 1957 (c. 11)

Section 3.

Suicide Act 1961 (c. 60)

In Schedule 1—

  1. (a)

    in Part 1, the entry relating to the Children and Young Persons Act 1933, and

  2. (b)

    in Part 2, the entry relating to section 7 of the Visiting Forces Act 1952.

Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20)

Section 7.

Theatres Act 1968 (c. 54)

In section 4(1), from “(including” to “matter)”.

In section 7(2), from “or an offence” to “course of a performance of a play”.

In section 8, from “or an offence” to “play”.

Broadcasting Act 1990 (c. 42)

In section 166, from “(including” to “matter)”.

Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (c. 25)

Section 61(4) and (5).

Defamation Act 1996 (c. 31)

Section 20(2).

Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 (c. 28)

In section 10—

  1. (a)

    in subsection (1), “, or subject to any criminal liability,”,

  2. (b)

    in subsection (2)(a), “in the case of liability in damages”,

  3. (c)

    in subsection (3), “, or subject to any criminal liability,”,

  4. (d)

    in subsection (4)(a), “in the case of liability in damages”,

  5. (e)

    in subsection 6(a), “, or subject to any criminal liability,”, and

  6. (f)

    in subsection (8), “and criminal liability”.

Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)

In Schedule 21, in paragraph 11(d), “in a way not amounting to a defence of provocation”.

Notes

  1. 1

    The repeal of the Libel Act 1792 (c. 60), the repeal in section 1 of the Criminal Libel Act 1819 (60 Geo. 3 & 1 Geo. 4 c. 8), the repeal of section 17(2) of the Defamation Act 1952 (c. 66), the repeal of section 20(2) of the Defamation Act 1996 and the repeals in section 10 of the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 do not extend to Scotland.

  2. 2

    The repeal of section 4 of the Law of Libel Amendment Act 1888 (c. 64) and the repeal of section 20(2) of the Defamation Act 1996 do not extend to Northern Ireland.

Part 3Criminal evidence and procedure

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Administration of Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1933 (c. 36)

In section 2—

  1. (a)

    in subsection (2), from “, and where” to “the bill,”,

  2. (b)

    in subsection (2), from “Provided” to the end, and

  3. (c)

    in subsection (3), “has been signed by the proper officer of the court”.

In Schedule 2, in paragraph 1, “and signing”.

Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)

In section 82(1), “the signing of indictments,”.

Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60)

Section 46ZA(3)(a) and (c).

In section 46A(1ZA)(b), from “, without informing” to the end.

Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c. 37)

Section 1I(3)(c).

In section 57C—

  1. (a)

    subsection (7),

  2. (b)

    in subsection (8), “before or”, and

  3. (c)

    in subsection (9), paragraph (a) and the “and” following it.

In section 57D—

  1. (a)

    subsection (2)(b), and

  2. (b)

    in subsection (3), paragraph (a) and the “and” following it.

In section 57E—

  1. (a)

    in subsection (5), paragraph (a) and the “and” following it, and

  2. (b)

    in subsection (7), paragraph (a) and the “and” following it.

Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (c. 23)

In section 21—

  1. (a)

    subsection (1)(b),

  2. (b)

    in subsection (4), the “and” following paragraph (b), and

  3. (c)

    subsections (5) to (7).

Section 22(1)(b).

In section 27—

  1. (a)

    in subsection (7)(a), from “if there” to “relevant time,”,

  2. (b)

    subsection (8), and

  3. (c)

    in subsection (9), from “and, if” to the end.

Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)

Section 120(7)(d).

Section 138(1).

Criminal Evidence (Witness Anonymity) Act 2008 (c. 15)

Sections 1 to 9.

Section 10(1) to (7).

Section 14.

Part 4Sentencing

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967 (c. 13)

In Schedule 2, the entries for the Sentencing Advisory Panel and the Sentencing Guidelines Council.

Race Relations Act 1976 (c. 74)

In Part 2 of Schedule 1A, the entry for the Sentencing Advisory Panel.

Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (c. 46)

Section 248C(3).

Freedom of Information Act 2000 (c. 36)

In Part 6 of Schedule 1, the entries for the Sentencing Advisory Panel and the Sentencing Guidelines Council.

Criminal Justice Act 2003

Sections 167 to 173.

In section 176, the definitions of—

  1. (a)

    “allocation guidelines”,

  2. (b)

    “the Council”,

  3. (c)

    “the Panel”, and

  4. (d)

    “sentencing guidelines”.

In Schedule 38, paragraphs 2 and 3 and the italic heading before paragraph 2.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)

In Schedule 4, paragraphs 357 and 358.

Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)

In Schedule 4, paragraph 60(2) and (4).

In Part 1 of Schedule 28, the entries relating to section 160(2) and (5) of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (c. 6).

Part 5Miscellaneous criminal justice provisions

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Superannuation Act 1972 (c. 11)

In Schedule 1—

  1. (a)

    in the list headed “Other Bodies”, the entry for employment as a member of the staff of the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses, and

  2. (b)

    in the list headed “Offices”, the entries for the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses and the Deputy Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses.

House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 24)

In Part 3 of Schedule 1, the entries for the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses and the Deputy Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses.

Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 25)

In Part 3 of Schedule 1, the entries for the Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses and the Deputy Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses.

Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)

In section 19(5), the “or” following paragraph (a).

Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53)

Section 37(5) and (6).

Section 50.

Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c. 33)

In section 25(5), the “and” following the definition of “conviction”.

Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c. 37)

In Schedule 3, in paragraph 9(5), the “or” following paragraph (a).

Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000

In section 113(3), the “and” following the definition of “class A drug trafficking offence”.

Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)

In section 143(4), the “or” following paragraph (a).

Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (c. 28)

Section 48(3) to (5).

Section 49(2)(d) and (3)(b).

Section 50(2).

Schedule 8.

In Schedule 9, paragraph 9.

Animal Welfare Act 2006 (c. 45)

Section 8(6).

Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52)

In section 238(3), the “or” following paragraph (a).

In section 270B—

  1. (a)

    in subsection (6), the “or” following paragraph (a), and

  2. (b)

    in subsection (10), the “and” following paragraph (a).

Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c.4)

Section 27.

Part 6Legal aid

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Access to Justice Act 1999 (c. 22)

Section 2(2).

In section 17(3)(g), from “(including” to the end.

In section 17A(2)(e), from “including” to the end.

In Schedule 2, paragraph 1(h).

In Schedule 3, paragraph 8(5).

Part 7Criminal memoirs etc

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15)

In section 3(1), the “or” following paragraph (a).

Part 8Data Protection Act 1998

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

In section 16(1), the “and” following paragraph (ff).

In section 20(2) “that at any time”.

In Schedule 9, the “or” following paragraph 12(a).

Part 9Miscellaneous

Short title and chapter

Extent of repeal

Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29)

In Schedule 23, in the entry for the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), in the second column “1(2),”.

Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)

In Schedule 1, in paragraph 30(1), “the day after”.