Legislation – Adoption and Children Act (Northern Ireland) 2022

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Introduction

PART 1
Adoption

CHAPTER 1 Introductory

1 Considerations applying to the exercise of powers

CHAPTER 2 The Adoption Service

The Adoption Service

2 Basic definitions

3 Adoption authority

4 The Adoption Service

5 Assessments etc. for adoption support services

6 Adoption support services: duty to provide information

7 Arrangements on cancellation of registration

8 Inactive or defunct adoption societies, etc.

Regulations

9 General power to regulate adoption agencies

10 Management, etc., of agencies

11 Fees

12 Independent review of qualifying determinations of adoption agencies

Supplemental

13 Information concerning adoption

14 Inspection of premises, etc.

CHAPTER 3 Placement for adoption and adoption orders

Placement of children by adoption agency for adoption

15 Placement for adoption by agencies

16 Placing children with parental consent

17 Advance consent to adoption

18 Placement orders

19 Applications for placement orders

20 Varying placement orders

21 Revoking placement orders

22 Parental responsibility

23 Contact

24 Contact: supplementary

25 Further consequences of placement

26 Further consequences of placement orders

Removal of children who are or may be placed by adoption agencies

27 General prohibitions on removal

28 Recovery by parent etc. where child not placed or is a baby

29 Recovery by parent etc. where child placed and consent withdrawn

30 Recovery by parent etc. where child placed and placement order refused

31 Placement orders: prohibition on removal

32 Return of child in other cases

Removal of children in non-agency cases

33 Restrictions on removal

34 Applications for adoption

35 Authority foster parents

36 Partners of parents

37 Other non-agency cases

Breach of restrictions on removal

38 Recovery orders

Preliminaries to adoption

39 Child to live with adopters before application

40 Reports where child placed by agency

41 Notice of intention to adopt

42 Suitability of adopters

The making of adoption orders

43 Adoption orders

44 Conditions for making adoption orders

45 Restrictions on making adoption orders

46 Applications for adoption

47 Adoption by couple

48 Adoption by one person

Post-adoption contact

49 Post-adoption contact

50 Orders under section 49: supplementary

Placement and adoption: general

51 Parental etc. consent

52 Modification of Children Order in relation to adoption

53 Disclosing information to prospective adopters

54 Revocation of adoptions on legitimation

Disclosure of information about a person’s adoption

55 Information to be kept about a person’s adoption

56 Restrictions on disclosure of protected etc. information

57 Disclosure of other information

58 Offence

59 Disclosing information to adopted adult

60 Disclosing protected information about adults

61 Disclosing protected information about children

62 Counselling

63 Other provision to be made by regulations

64 Sections 55 to 64: interpretation

CHAPTER 4 Status of adopted children

65 Meaning of adoption in Chapter 4

66 Status conferred by adoption

67 Adoptive relatives

68 Rules of interpretation for instruments concerning property

69 Dispositions depending on date of birth

70 Property devolving with peerages etc.

71 Protection of trustees and personal representatives

72 Meaning of disposition

73 Miscellaneous

74 Pensions

75 Insurance

CHAPTER 5 Registers

Adopted Children Register, etc.

76 Adopted Children Register

77 Searches and copies

78 Connections between the register and birth records

Adoption Contact Register

79 Adoption Contact Register

80 Adoption Contact Register: supplementary

81 Interpretation

CHAPTER 6 Adoptions with a foreign element

Bringing children into and out of the United Kingdom

82 Restriction on bringing children in

83 Giving parental responsibility prior to adoption abroad

84 Restriction on taking children out

85 Power to modify sections 82 and 84

Adoptions from abroad: special restrictions

86 Declaration of special restrictions on adoptions from abroad

87 Review

88 The special restrictions

89 Imposition of extra conditions in certain cases

Overseas adoptions

90 Overseas adoptions

Miscellaneous

91 Modification of section 66 for Hague Convention adoptions

92 Annulment etc. of overseas or Hague Convention adoptions

93 Section 92: supplementary

94 Overseas determinations and orders

95 Power to charge

CHAPTER 7 Miscellaneous

Restrictions

96 Restriction on arranging adoptions etc.

97 Offence of breaching restrictions under section 96

98 Restriction on reports

99 Prohibition of certain payments

100 Excepted payments

101 Sections 96 to 100: interpretation

Information

102 Pre-commencement adoptions: information

Proceedings

103 Proceedings for offences

104 Appeals

105 Privacy

Children’s court guardians

106 Children’s court guardians

107 Right of access to adoption agency records

Evidence

108 Evidence of consent

Orders made in Great Britain, etc.

109 Effect of certain Scottish orders and provisions

110 Effect of certain orders made in England and Wales

111 Use of adoption records from Great Britain, etc.

112 Channel Islands and the Isle of Man

General

113 Avoiding delay

114 Service of notices etc.

115 Jurisdiction of courts

PART 2
Children order amendments

116 Definition of family proceedings

117 Article 8 orders: authority foster parents

118 Duration of residence orders

119 Special guardianship

120 Ascertainment of children’s wishes

121 Provision of services to children in need, etc.

122 Duty of authorities to promote etc. achievement, learning and development, and to prevent disruption to education or training

123 Corporate parenting principles

124 Placement of looked after children with prospective adopters

125 Accommodation for children: requirements

126 Authority foster parents

127 Duty to ensure visits to and advice etc. for children

128 Former relevant children: continuing functions

129 Local offer for care leavers

130 Inquiries into representations

131 Review of cases of looked after children

132 Independent advocacy services

133 Definition of harm

134 Care plans

135 Contact: children in care of authority

136 Persons authorised to act as children’s court guardian

137 Renaming of guardians ad litem

138 Interests of children in proceedings

139 Definition of privately fostered child

140 Welfare of children who will be privately fostered

141 Notification of fostering: public awareness

142 Privacy for children in proceedings

143 Report on the operation of the Children Order

PART 3
Miscellaneous and supplementary

144 Northern Ireland Adoption and Children Act Register

145 Use of an organisation to establish the register

146 Use of an organisation as an agency for payments

147 Supply of information for the register

148 Disclosure of information

149 Search and inspection of the register by prospective adopters

150 Search and inspection of the register by adoption agencies

151 Supplementary

152 Time limit within which proceedings may be brought

153 Research and investigations

154 Amendments, transitional and transitory provisions, savings and repeals

155 Regulations and orders

156 Rules of court

157 Supplementary and consequential provision

158 Review

159 Interpretation

160 Commencement

161 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Registration of adoptions

SCHEDULE 2 Disclosure of birth records by Registrar General

SCHEDULE 3 Minor and consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 4 Transitional and transitory provisions and savings

SCHEDULE 5 Repeals

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 4Transitional and transitory provisions and savings

Section 154(2)

Adoption support services

1

(1)

The facilities to be provided by an HSC trust as part of the service maintained under Article 3(1) of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 include such arrangements as a trust may be required by regulations to make for the provision of adoption support services to prescribed persons.

(2)

Regulations under sub-paragraph (1) may require an HSC trust—

(a)

at the request of a prescribed person, to carry out an assessment of the person’s needs for adoption support services,

(b)

if, as a result of the assessment, a trust decides that the person has such needs, to decide whether to provide any such services to the person,

(c)

if a trust decides to provide any such services to a person, and the circumstances fall within a description prescribed by the regulations, to prepare a plan in accordance with which the services are to be provided to the person and keep the plan under review.

(3)

Subsections (7) and (8) (except paragraph (a)) of section 5 of this Act apply to regulations under sub-paragraph (1) as they apply to regulations made by virtue of that section.

(4)

Article 59(1) of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 (prohibited payments) does not apply to any payment made in accordance with regulations under sub-paragraph (1).

(5)

In this paragraph, “HSC trust” has the meaning given by Article 2 of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987.

Pending applications for freeing orders

2

Nothing in this Act affects any application for an order under Article 17 or 18 of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 (freeing for adoption) where—

(a)

the application has been made and has not been disposed of immediately before the repeal of those Articles; and

(b)

immediately before that repeal the home of the child in relation to whom the application is made is with a person with whom the child has been placed for adoption by an adoption agency.

Freeing orders

3

(1)

Nothing in this Act affects any order made under Article 17 or 18 of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 and Articles 19 to 21 of that Order are to continue to have effect in relation to such an order.

(2)

Article 20 of that Order, as it has effect by virtue of this paragraph, is to apply as if, in paragraph (3)(c) after “1995” there were inserted—

“(iia)

any care order, within the meaning of that Order;”.

(3)

Where a child is free for adoption by virtue of an order made under Article 17 or 18 of that Order, the third condition in section 44(6) is to be treated as satisfied.

Pending applications for adoption orders

4

Nothing in this Act affects any application for an adoption order under Article 12 of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 where—

(a)

the application has been made and has not been disposed of immediately before the repeal of that Article; and

(b)

immediately before that repeal the home of the child in relation to whom the application is made is with a person with whom the child has been placed for adoption by an adoption agency.

Pending applications for parental orders

5

Where, immediately before the repeal of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987, an application for a parental order has been made under section 54 or 54A of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 and not yet determined—

(a)

the provisions of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 as modified by regulation 4 of and Schedule 3 to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Parental Orders) Regulations 2018 continue to have effect in respect of the application; and

(b)

notwithstanding the amendments made by Part 2 of Schedule 3, regulation 4 of and Schedule 3 to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Parental Orders) Regulations 2018 continue to have affect in their unamended form for the purpose of modifying the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987.

Advertising

6

In Article 60 of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 (restrictions on advertisements)—

(a)

after paragraph (1) insert—

“(1A)

Publishing an advertisement includes doing so by electronic means (for example, by means of the internet).”;

(b)

in paragraph (2), for the words following “conviction” substitute “to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale, or both”.

Registration of adoptions

7

(1)

The power of the court under paragraph 4(1) of Schedule 1 to amend an order on the application of the adopter or adopted person includes, in relation to an order made before 1st December 1969, power to make any amendment of the particulars contained in the order which appears to be required to bring the order into the form in which it would have been made if paragraph 1 of that Schedule had applied to the order.

(2)

In relation to an adoption order made before the commencement of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987, the reference in paragraph 4(3) of that Schedule to paragraph 1(2) or (3) is to be read as a reference to section 14(4) or (5) of the Adoption of Children Act (Northern Ireland) 1950 or, as the case requires, section 24(4) and (5) of the Adoption Act (Northern Ireland) 1967.

The Adoption (Hague Convention) Act (Northern Ireland) 1969

8

(1)

Despite the repeal of the Adoption (Hague Convention) Act (Northern Ireland) 1969 (“the 1969 Act”) the following provisions of that Act continue to have effect—

(a)

section 5(1) (recognition of foreign determinations) so far as it applies to a determination made by an authority of any British territory outside the United Kingdom in respect of a convention adoption order and to which subsection (1)(b) of that section applies,

(b)

in section 6 (annulment etc.)—

(i)

subsection (1) so far as it applies to convention adoption orders, and

(ii)

subsections (3) and (4) so far as they apply to determinations,

(c)

in section 8 (registration)—

(i)

subsection (3) so far as it applies to convention adoption orders or any entry or mark erroneously made in pursuance of subsection (2) of that section, and

(ii)

subsection (4).

(2)

Despite the repeal of the 1969 Act, the following provisions of that Act continue to have effect so far as they are necessary for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)—

(a)

section 7 (provisions supplemental to section 6),

(b)

section 9 (nationality),

(c)

section 10 (supplemental),

(d)

section 11 (rules),

(e)

section 12 (interpretation).

(3)

In this paragraph—

the 1969 Act” means the Adoption (Hague Convention) Act (Northern Ireland) 1969,

convention adoption order” means an order under Article 12(1) of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 made in accordance with section 1(1) of the 1969 Act,

determination” means a determination that has effect by virtue of section 5(1) of the 1969 Act.

The Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985

9

Paragraph 5 of Schedule 3 does not affect the Schedule to the Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 in its application to a child who is the subject of—

(a)

an order under Article 17 or 18 of the Adoption (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 freeing the child for adoption;

(b)

a pending application for such an order; or

(c)

a pending application for an order under Article 12 of that Order.