Legislation – Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025

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Introduction

Part 1
Functions exercisable on behalf of public authorities

Chapter 1 Key concepts

1 Core functions of the Minister for the Cabinet Office

2 Interaction with other public authorities etc

Chapter 2 Investigatory powers

Information

3 Information notices

4 Reviews

5 Information sharing

6 Amendment of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016

Powers of entry, search and seizure etc

7 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 etc powers

8 Disposal of property

9 Incidents etc

Chapter 3 Rights to recover

Recovery of recoverable amounts

10 Acting for another public authority

11 Recovery notices

12 Restriction on availability of powers: claimed amounts

Recovery of other amounts

13 Penalties etc

14 Restriction on availability of powers: penalties

Chapter 4 Methods of recovery

Introduction

15 Payable amounts

Recovery as if payable under a court order

16 Recovery orders

Recovery from bank accounts etc

17 Direct deduction orders

18 Accounts which may be subject to a direct deduction order

19 Requirement for banks to provide information

20 Joint accounts

21 Further requirements before making a direct deduction order

22 Amount of deductions

23 Content and effect of direct deduction orders

24 Bank’s administrative costs

25 Insufficient funds

26 Restrictions on accounts: banks

27 Restrictions on accounts: account holders

28 Applications to vary

29 Variation

30 Revocation

31 Further information notices

32 Suspension of direct deduction orders

33 Cessation on death of liable person

34 Reviews

35 Appeals

36 Meaning of “bank” etc

37 Deputies

38 Regulations

Deduction from earnings

39 Deduction from earnings orders

40 Content and effect of deduction from earnings orders

41 Requirements before making a deduction from earnings order

42 Amount of deductions

43 The employer’s administrative costs

44 Suspension of deduction from earnings orders

45 Duty to notify the Minister of change of circumstances

46 Applications to vary

47 Variation

48 Revocation

49 Reviews

50 Appeals

Chapter 5 Civil penalties

51 Penalty relating to fraud

52 Application to members etc of bodies

53 Amount of penalty relating to fraud

54 Penalty for failing to comply with requirements

55 Application to members etc of bodies

56 Amount of penalty for failing to comply with requirements

57 Procedural rights

58 Penalty decision notices

59 Reviews and decisions

60 Penalty notices

61 Appeals

62 Interest

63 Code of practice

64 Penalties and criminal proceedings or convictions

Chapter 6 General

65 Independent review

66 Independent review: further provision

67 Authorised officers

68 Guidance on exercise of investigatory functions

69 Reports on exercise of functions

70 Record of exercise of functions

71 Disclosure of information etc: interaction with external constraints

72 Crown etc application

73 Public Sector Fraud Authority and transfer of functions

74 Interpretation

75 Regulations

Part 2
Social security etc

Chapter 1 Powers to require information

76 Information notices

77 Consequential amendments to the Social Security Fraud Act 2001

78 Eligibility verification

79 Eligibility verification: independent review

Chapter 2 Powers of entry, search and seizure etc

80 Entry, search and seizure in England and Wales

81 Entry, search and seizure in Scotland

82 Entry, search and seizure: Crown application

83 Offence of delay, obstruction etc

84 Disposal of property

85 Amendments to the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001

86 Incidents etc in England and Wales

87 Incidents etc in Scotland

Chapter 3 Further provision relevant to investigatory powers

88 Devolved benefits

89 DWP offence

90 Disclosure of information etc: interaction with external constraints

91 Giving notices etc

92 Independent review

Chapter 4 Overpayments: recovery and enforcement

93 Enforcement of non-benefit payments

94 Recovery and enforcement mechanisms

95 Recovery from bank accounts etc

96 Disqualification from driving

97 Code of practice

98 Rights of audience

99 Recovery of costs

100 Recovery: further provision

Chapter 5 Offences, penalties etc

101 Offences: non-benefit payments

102 Penalty as alternative to prosecution: extension to non-benefit payments

103 Amendments to the Social Security Fraud Act 2001: loss of benefits following penalty

104 Powers of Scottish Ministers

Part 3
General

105 Application and limitation

106 Power to make consequential provision

107 Financial provision

108 Extent

109 Commencement

110 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Fraud against public authorities: Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 powers

Schedule 2 Public Sector Fraud Authority and transfer of functions

Schedule 3 Eligibility verification etc

Schedule 4 Social security fraud: search and seizure powers etc

Schedule 5 Recovery from bank accounts etc

Schedule 6 Disqualification from driving

Changes to legislation:

There are outstanding changes not yet made by the legislation.gov.uk editorial team to Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025. Any changes that have already been made by the team appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Help about Changes to Legislation

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Changes to Legislation

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Changes and effects yet to be applied to Section 9:

Part 1Functions exercisable on behalf of public authorities

Chapter 2Investigatory powers

Powers of entry, search and seizure etc

9Incidents etc

(1)

The Police Reform Act 2002 (complaints and misconduct) is amended as follows.

(2)

In section 10 (general functions of the Director General)—

(a)

in subsection (1), at the end of paragraph (gb) insert “, and

(gc)

to carry out such corresponding functions in relation to public sector fraud investigators acting in the exercise of functions conferred on them by section 7 of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 powers for public sector fraud investigators).”,

(b)

in subsection (3), after paragraph (be) insert—

“(bf)

any regulations under section 26G of this Act (public sector fraud investigators);”, and

(c)

after subsection (7) insert—

“(7A)

In this section, “public sector fraud investigators” means authorised investigators within the meaning given by section 7 of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025.”

(3)

After section 26F insert—

“26GPublic sector fraud investigators

(1)

The Minister for the Cabinet Office (“the Minister”) may make regulations conferring functions on the Director General in relation to public sector fraud investigators acting in the exercise of functions conferred on them by section 7 of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 powers for public sector fraud investigators).

(2)

Regulations under this section may, in particular—

(a)

apply (with or without modifications), or make provision similar to, any provision of or made under this Part;

(b)

make provision for payment by the Minister to, or in respect of, the Office or in respect of the Director General.

(3)

The Director General and the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration may jointly investigate a matter in relation to which—

(a)

the Director General has functions by virtue of this section, and

(b)

the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration has functions by virtue of the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967.

(4)

The Minister may disclose information to the Director General or to a person acting on the Director General’s behalf, for the purposes of the exercise by the Director General or by any person acting on the Director General’s behalf, of a public sector fraud complaints function.

(5)

The Director General and the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration may disclose information to each other for the purposes of the exercise of a function—

(a)

by virtue of this section, or

(b)

under the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967.

(6)

Regulations under this section may, in particular, make—

(a)

further provision about the disclosure of information under subsection (4) or (5);

(b)

provision about the further disclosure of information that has been so disclosed.

(7)

A disclosure of information authorised by or under this section does not breach—

(a)

any obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure, or

(b)

any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).

(8)

No provision made by or under this section authorises a disclosure of information that is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.

(9)

In this section—

public sector fraud complaints function” means a function in relation to the exercise of functions conferred by section 7 of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025;

public sector fraud investigator” means an authorised investigator within the meaning given by section 7 of that Act.”

(4)

In section 105 (powers of Secretary of State to make orders and regulations), after subsection (5) insert—

“(6)

In this section, references to the Secretary of State include references to the Minister for the Cabinet Office for the purposes of section 26G (power to make regulations about public sector fraud investigators).”

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I1S. 9 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 109(2)(b)