Legislation – Sentencing Act 2020
Changes to legislation:
Sentencing Act 2020, Paragraph 9 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 19 April 2026. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.![]()
Changes to Legislation
Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Changes and effects are recorded by our editorial team in lists which can be found in the ‘Changes to Legislation’ area. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Use the ‘more’ link to open the changes and effects relevant to the provision you are viewing.
Changes and effects yet to be applied to Schedule 21 Paragraph 9:
- Pt. 3 Ch. 6 inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 6(1)
- s. 34A and cross-heading inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 1
- s. 179(4A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 11(1)
- s. 179A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 12(2)
- s. 179A(1)(b)(i)(ii) substituted for words by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 16(2)
- s. 180(5) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 11(2)
- s. 186(8A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 11(3)
- s. 202(1A)(1B) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 13(b)
- s. 202(1A)(b)(i)(ii) substituted for words by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 17(2)
- s. 204A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 14(2)
- s. 204A(3)(c)(i)(ii) substituted for words by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 18(2)
- s. 207(A1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(4)(a)
- s. 207(B1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 15(3)
- s. 207(C1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 16(3)
- s. 207(D1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(3)
- s. 207(5) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(4)(b)
- s. 215(1A)(1B) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(2)(a)
- s. 215(2A) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(2)(c)
- s. 218(ba) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(3)(b)
- s. 220(2)(a) words in s. 220(2) renumbered as s. 220(2)(a) by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(4)(a)
- s. 220(2)(b) and word inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(4)(b)
- s. 226(2)(ba) and word substituted for s. 226(2)(c)(d) by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 43
- s. 230(3A) and words inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 2
- s. 234(1)(aa) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 27(1)(b)
- s. 234(1)(aa) omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 28(1)
- s. 235(3A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 27(2)
- s. 236(2A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 29(3)
- s. 236(2A)(b) word substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 47(b)
- s. 247A(7) omitted by 2026 c. 2 s. 34(2)
- s. 288(6) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(2)
- s. 291(A1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(6)(a)
- s. 291(B1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 15(5)
- s. 291(C1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 16(5)
- s. 291(D1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(6)
- s. 291(5) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(6)(b)
- s. 301(1A)(1B) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(3)(a)
- s. 301(2A) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(3)(c)
- s. 303(aa) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(3)
- s. 323(2A)–(2C) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 85(3)
- s. 343(4) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 178(2)
- s. 348A 348B inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 178(4)
- s. 350(6C)(6D) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 178(5)
- s. 397A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 15
- s. 397A(4)(a)(ia) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(2)(b)
- s. 397A(4)(a)(i) words omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(2)(a)
- s. 397A(5) words inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(3)
- s. 397A(6)(7) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(4)
- s. 418(2A) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(5)
- Sch. 1 para. 13A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 4(a)
- Sch. 9 para. 8D applied (with modifications) by 2006 c. 52, s. 183 (as amended) by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(15)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4A inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(7)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4B inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 15(6)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4C inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 16(6)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4D inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(8)(a)
- Sch. 9 para. 34(1A) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(8)(b)(ii)
- Sch. 9 para. 2(1)(1A) substituted for Sch. 9 para. 2(1) by 2026 c. 2 s. 37(2)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(5)(d) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(2)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(9A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(2)(c)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(2)(d) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(3)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(6A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(3)(c)
- Sch. 10 Pt. 3A inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(5)(b)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(9A) omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 74(1)(b)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(6A) omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 75(1)(b)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(5)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 25(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(5)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 74(1)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(2)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 26(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(2)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 75(1)(a)
- Sch. 16 para. 22A and cross-heading inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(5)
- Sch. 17 para. 25(da) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(6)
- Sch. 17A para. 24A inserted by 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 79A (as inserted) by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 11(20)(m)
- Sch. 18 para. 26A and cross-heading inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 80
- Sch. 19 para. 22A and cross-heading inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 84
- Sch. 26 para. 13A inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(a)
- Sch. 26 para. 15(a)(iii) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(c)
- Sch. 26 para. 19(a)(iia) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(e)(i)
- Sch. 26 para. 20(c) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(f)
- Sch. 26 para. 20A inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(g)
- Sch. 26 para. 24A inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(i)
- Sch. 26 para. 15(aa)–(ac) inserted by 2026 c. 2 Sch. 3 para. 16
- Sch. 27 para. 16(2)(a)(b) substituted for words by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(8)
Changes and effects yet to be applied to the whole Act associated Parts and Chapters:
Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Act (including any effects on those provisions):
- Pt. 3 Ch. 6 inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 6(1)
- s. 34A and cross-heading inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 1
- s. 179(4A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 11(1)
- s. 179A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 12(2)
- s. 179A(1)(b)(i)(ii) substituted for words by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 16(2)
- s. 180(5) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 11(2)
- s. 186(8A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 11(3)
- s. 202(1A)(1B) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 13(b)
- s. 202(1A)(b)(i)(ii) substituted for words by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 17(2)
- s. 204A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 14(2)
- s. 204A(3)(c)(i)(ii) substituted for words by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 18(2)
- s. 207(A1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(4)(a)
- s. 207(B1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 15(3)
- s. 207(C1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 16(3)
- s. 207(D1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(3)
- s. 207(5) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(4)(b)
- s. 215(1A)(1B) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(2)(a)
- s. 215(2A) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(2)(c)
- s. 218(ba) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(3)(b)
- s. 220(2)(a) words in s. 220(2) renumbered as s. 220(2)(a) by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(4)(a)
- s. 220(2)(b) and word inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(4)(b)
- s. 226(2)(ba) and word substituted for s. 226(2)(c)(d) by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 43
- s. 230(3A) and words inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 2
- s. 234(1)(aa) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 27(1)(b)
- s. 234(1)(aa) omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 28(1)
- s. 235(3A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 27(2)
- s. 236(2A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 29(3)
- s. 236(2A)(b) word substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 47(b)
- s. 247A(7) omitted by 2026 c. 2 s. 34(2)
- s. 288(6) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(2)
- s. 291(A1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(6)(a)
- s. 291(B1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 15(5)
- s. 291(C1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 16(5)
- s. 291(D1) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(6)
- s. 291(5) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(6)(b)
- s. 301(1A)(1B) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(3)(a)
- s. 301(2A) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 149(3)(c)
- s. 303(aa) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(3)
- s. 323(2A)–(2C) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 85(3)
- s. 343(4) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 178(2)
- s. 348A 348B inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 178(4)
- s. 350(6C)(6D) inserted by 2022 c. 32 s. 178(5)
- s. 397A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 15
- s. 397A(4)(a)(ia) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(2)(b)
- s. 397A(4)(a)(i) words omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(2)(a)
- s. 397A(5) words inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(3)
- s. 397A(6)(7) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 19(4)
- s. 418(2A) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(5)
- Sch. 1 para. 13A inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 4(a)
- Sch. 9 para. 8D applied (with modifications) by 2006 c. 52, s. 183 (as amended) by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(15)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4A inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 14(7)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4B inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 15(6)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4C inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 16(6)
- Sch. 9 Pt. 4D inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(8)(a)
- Sch. 9 para. 34(1A) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 17(8)(b)(ii)
- Sch. 9 para. 2(1)(1A) substituted for Sch. 9 para. 2(1) by 2026 c. 2 s. 37(2)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(5)(d) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(2)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(9A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(2)(c)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(2)(d) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(3)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(6A) inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 21(3)(c)
- Sch. 10 Pt. 3A inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 38(5)(b)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(9A) omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 74(1)(b)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(6A) omitted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 75(1)(b)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(5)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 25(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 10(5)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 74(1)(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(2)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 26(a)
- Sch. 10 para. 11(2)(d) words substituted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 75(1)(a)
- Sch. 16 para. 22A and cross-heading inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(5)
- Sch. 17 para. 25(da) inserted by 2026 c. 2 s. 39(6)
- Sch. 17A para. 24A inserted by 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 79A (as inserted) by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 11(20)(m)
- Sch. 18 para. 26A and cross-heading inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 80
- Sch. 19 para. 22A and cross-heading inserted by 2020 c. 17 Sch. 22 para. 84
- Sch. 26 para. 13A inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(a)
- Sch. 26 para. 15(a)(iii) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(c)
- Sch. 26 para. 19(a)(iia) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(e)(i)
- Sch. 26 para. 20(c) inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(f)
- Sch. 26 para. 20A inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(g)
- Sch. 26 para. 24A inserted by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(7)(i)
- Sch. 26 para. 15(aa)–(ac) inserted by 2026 c. 2 Sch. 3 para. 16
- Sch. 27 para. 16(2)(a)(b) substituted for words by 2021 c. 11 Sch. 13 para. 43(8)
SCHEDULE 21Determination of minimum term in relation to mandatory life sentence for murder etc
Aggravating and mitigating factors
9
Aggravating factors (additional to those mentioned in paragraphs 2(2), 3(2) and 4(2)) that may be relevant to the offence of murder include—
(a)
a significant degree of planning or premeditation,
(b)
the fact that the victim was particularly vulnerable because of age or disability,
F1(ba)
where the offence was committed on or after the day on which the Sentencing Act 2020 (Amendment of Schedule 21) Regulations 2024 came into force, the fact that the offender had repeatedly or continuously engaged in behaviour towards the victim that was controlling or coercive and, at the time of the behaviour, the offender and the victim were personally connected within the meaning of section 76(6) to (7) of the Serious Crime Act 2015,
F2(bb)
where the offence was committed on or after the day on which the Sentencing Act 2020 (Amendment of Schedule 21) Regulations 2025 came into force, the fact that the murder was connected with—
(i)
the end of the offender’s intimate personal relationship with the victim,
(ii)
the victim intending to bring about the end of that intimate personal relationship, or
(iii)
a belief by the offender as to a thing mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii),
(c)
mental or physical suffering inflicted on the victim before death,
F3(ca)
where the offence was committed on or after the day on which the Sentencing Act 2020 (Amendment of Schedule 21) Regulations 2025 came into force, the fact that the murder involved strangulation, suffocation or asphyxiation,
(d)
the abuse of a position of trust,
(e)
the use of duress or threats against another person to facilitate the commission of the offence,
(f)
the fact that victim was providing a public service or performing a public duty, F4…
F5(fa)
where the offence was committed on or after the day on which the Sentencing Act 2020 (Amendment of Schedule 21) Regulations 2024 came into force, the use of sustained and excessive violence towards the victim, and
(g)
concealment, destruction or dismemberment of the body.