Legislation – Coroners and Justice Act 2009

New Search

Introduction

Part 1
Coroners

Chapter 1 Investigations into deaths

Duty to investigate

1 Duty to investigate certain deaths

Investigation by other coroner

2 Request for other coroner to conduct investigation

3 Direction for other coroner to conduct investigation

Discontinuance of investigation

4 Discontinuance where cause of death becomes clear before inquest

Purpose of investigation

5 Matters to be ascertained

Inquests

6 Duty to hold inquest

7 Whether jury required

8 Assembling a jury

9 Determinations and findings by jury

9A Surrender of electronic communications devices by jurors

9B Surrender of electronic communications devices: powers of search etc

9C Inquests without jury to be conducted at hearing or in writing

Outcome of investigation

10 Determinations and findings to be made

Suspension

11 Duty or power to suspend or resume investigations

Deaths related to the Northern Ireland Troubles

11A Investigations and inquests into Troubles-related deaths

Death of service personnel abroad

12 Investigation in Scotland

13 Investigation in England and Wales despite body being brought to Scotland

Ancillary powers of coroners in relation to deaths

14 Post-mortem examinations

15 Power to remove body

Miscellaneous

16 Investigations lasting more than a year

17 Monitoring of and training for investigations into deaths of service personnel

Chapter 2 Notification, certification and registration of deaths

18 Notification by medical practitioner to senior coroner

18A Medical examiners: England

18B Medical examiners: Wales

19 Medical examiners : supplementary

20 Medical certificate of cause of death

21 National Medical Examiner

Chapter 3 Coroner areas, appointments etc

22 Coroner areas

23 Appointment etc of senior coroners, area coroners and assistant coroners

24 Provision of staff and accommodation

Chapter 4 Investigations concerning treasure

25 Coroner for Treasure and Assistant Coroners for Treasure

26 Investigations concerning treasure

27 Inquests concerning treasure

28 Outcome of investigations concerning treasure

29 Exception to duty to investigate

30 Duty to notify Coroner for Treasure etc of acquisition of certain objects

31 Code of practice under the Treasure Act 1996

Chapter 5 Further provision to do with investigations and deaths

32 Powers of coroners

33 Offences

34 Allowances, fees and expenses

Chapter 6 Governance etc

35 Chief Coroner and Deputy Chief Coroners

36 Reports and advice to the Lord Chancellor from the Chief Coroner

37 Regulations about training

38 Medical Adviser and Deputy Medical Advisers to the Chief Coroner

39 Inspection of coroner system

40 Appeals to the Chief Coroner

41 Investigation by Chief Coroner or Coroner for Treasure or by judge, former judge or former coroner

42 Guidance by the Lord Chancellor

Chapter 7 Supplementary

43 Coroners regulations

44 Treasure regulations

45 Coroners rules

46 Abolition of the office of coroner of the Queen’s household

47 “Interested person”

48 Interpretation: general

49 Amendments to the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959

50 Amendments to the Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1976

51 Public funding for advocacy at certain inquests

Part 2
Criminal offences

Chapter 1 Murder, infanticide and suicide

52 Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (England and Wales)

53 Persons suffering from diminished responsibility (Northern Ireland)

54 Partial defence to murder: loss of control

55 Meaning of “qualifying trigger”

56 Abolition of common law defence of provocation

57 Infanticide (England and Wales)

58 Infanticide (Northern Ireland)

59 Encouraging or assisting suicide (England and Wales)

60 Encouraging or assisting suicide (Northern Ireland)

61 Encouraging or assisting suicide: information society services

Chapter 2 Images of children

62 Possession of prohibited images of children

63 Exclusion of classified film etc

64 Defences

65 Meaning of “image” and “child”

66 Penalties

67 Entry, search, seizure and forfeiture

68 Special rules relating to providers of information society services

69 Indecent pseudo-photographs of children: marriage etc

Chapter 3 Other offences

70 Genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes

71 Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour

72 Conspiracy

73 Abolition of common law libel offences etc

Part 3
Criminal evidence, investigations and procedure

Chapter 1 Anonymity in investigations

74 Qualifying offences

75 Qualifying criminal investigations

76 Investigation anonymity orders

77 Applications

78 Conditions for making order

79 Appeal against refusal of order

80 Discharge of order

81 Delegation of functions

82 Public interest immunity

83 Review

84 Application to armed forces

85 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 2 Anonymity of witnesses

86 Witness anonymity orders

87 Applications

88 Conditions for making order

89 Relevant considerations

90 Warning to jury

91 Discharge or variation of order

92 Discharge or variation after proceedings

93 Discharge or variation by appeal court

94 Special provisions for service courts

95 Public interest immunity

96 Power to make orders under the 2008 Act

97 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 3 Vulnerable and intimidated witnesses

98 Eligibility for special measures: age of child witnesses

99 Eligibility for special measures: offences involving weapons

100 Special measures directions for child witnesses

101 Special provisions relating to sexual offences

102 Evidence by live link: presence of supporter

103 Video recorded evidence in chief: supplementary testimony

104 Examination of accused through intermediary

105 Age of child complainant

Chapter 4 Live links

106 Directions to attend through live link

107 Answering to live link bail

108 Searches of persons answering to live link bail

109 Use of live link in certain enforcement hearings

110 Direction of registrar for appeal hearing by live link

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous

111 Effect of admission of video recording

112 Admissibility of evidence of previous complaints

113 Powers in respect of offenders who assist investigations and prosecutions

114 Bail: risk of committing an offence causing injury

115 Bail decisions in murder cases to be made by Crown Court judge

116 Indictment of offenders

117 Detention of persons under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000

Part 4
Sentencing

Chapter 1 Sentencing Council for England and Wales

Sentencing Council for England and Wales

118 Sentencing Council for England and Wales

118A Business plan

119 Annual report

Guidelines

120 Sentencing guidelines

121 Sentencing ranges

122 Allocation guidelines

123 Preparation or revision of guidelines in urgent cases

124 Proposals by Lord Chancellor or Court of Appeal

Duties of the court

125 Sentencing guidelines: duty of court

126 Determination of tariffs etc

Other functions of the Council

127 Resource implications of guidelines

128 Monitoring

129 Promoting awareness

130 Resources: effect of sentencing practice

131 Resources: effect of factors not related to sentencing

132 Duty to assess impact of policy and legislative proposals

Lord Chancellor’s functions

133 Assistance by the Lord Chancellor

134 Entrenchment of Lord Chancellor’s functions

Miscellaneous and general

135 Abolition of existing sentencing bodies

136 Interpretation of this Chapter

Chapter 2 Other provisions relating to sentencing

Driving disqualification

137 Extension of driving disqualification

Dangerous offenders

138 Dangerous offenders: terrorism offences (England and Wales)

139 Dangerous offenders: terrorism offences (Northern Ireland)

Confiscation orders

140 Appeals against certain confiscation orders (England and Wales)

141 Appeals against certain confiscation orders (Northern Ireland)

Part 5
Miscellaneous criminal justice provisions

142 Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses

143 Implementation of E-Commerce and Services directives: penalties

144 Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

145 Transfer to Parole Board of functions under the Criminal Justice Act 1991

146 Retention of knives surrendered or seized (England and Wales)

147 Retention of knives surrendered or seized (Northern Ireland)

148 Security in tribunal buildings

Part 6
Legal aid and other payments for legal services

149 Community Legal Service: pilot schemes

150 Excluded services: help in connection with business matters

151 Criminal Defence Service: information requests

152 Criminal Defence Service: enforcement of order to pay cost of representation

153 Statutory instruments relating to the Legal Services Commission

154 Damages-based agreements relating to employment matters

Part 7
Criminal memoirs etc

155 Exploitation proceeds orders

156 Qualifying offenders

157 Qualifying offenders: service offences

158 Qualifying offenders: supplementary

159 Relevant offences

160 Deriving a benefit

161 Applications

162 Determination of applications

163 Limits on recoverable amount

164 The available amount

165 Property

166 Effect of conviction being quashed etc

167 Powers of court on repeat applications

168 Additional proceeds reporting orders

169 Exploitation proceeds investigations

170 Functions of Serious Organised Crime Agency

171 Limitation

172 Interpretation of this Part

Part 8
Data Protection Act 1998

173 Assessment notices

174 Data-sharing code of practice

175 Further amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

Part 9
General

176 Orders, regulations and rules

177 Consequential etc amendments and transitional and saving provisions

178 Repeals

179 Financial provision

180 Effect of amendments to provisions applied for purposes of service law

181 Extent

182 Commencement

183 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Duty or power to suspend or resume investigations

SCHEDULE 1A Investigations and inquests into Troubles-related deaths

Schedule 2 Coroner areas

Schedule 3 Appointment etc of senior coroners, area coroners and assistant coroners

Schedule 4 Coroner for Treasure and Assistant Coroners for Treasure

Schedule 5 Powers of coroners

Schedule 6 Offences

Schedule 7 Allowances, fees and expenses

Schedule 8 Chief Coroner and Deputy Chief Coroners

Schedule 9 Medical adviser and Deputy medical advisers to the Chief Coroner

Schedule 10 Investigation by Chief Coroner or Coroner for Treasure or by judge, former judge or former coroner

Schedule 11 Amendments to the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959

Schedule 12 Encouraging or assisting suicide: providers of information society services

Schedule 13 Prohibited images: providers of information society services

Schedule 14 Schedule 1A to the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999

Schedule 15 The Sentencing Council for England and Wales

Schedule 16 Extension of disqualification for driving

Schedule 17 Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

Schedule 18 Motor vehicle orders

Schedule 19 Exploitation proceeds investigations

Schedule 20 Amendments of the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29)

Schedule 21 Minor and consequential amendments

Schedule 22 Transitional, transitory and saving provisions

Schedule 23 Repeals

Changes to legislation:

There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, Schedule 22. Help about Changes to Legislation

Close

Changes to Legislation

Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. At the current time any known changes or effects made by subsequent legislation have been applied to the text of the legislation you are viewing by the editorial team. Please see ‘Frequently Asked Questions’ for details regarding the timescales for which new effects are identified and recorded on this site.

Schedules

Schedule 22Transitional, transitory and saving provisions

Section 177

Part 1Coroners etc

Coroner areas

1

(1)

Where an order is made under section 182(4) bringing into force the repeal of sections 1 to 7 of the 1988 Act (coroners, coroners’ districts and deputy coroners), the Lord Chancellor must make an order under paragraph 1 of Schedule 2—

(a)

specifying as a coroner area the area of each coroner’s district immediately before the repeal, and

(b)

coming into force at the same time as the repeal.

The order made by virtue of this sub-paragraph is referred to in this Schedule as the “transitional order”.

(2)

Paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 2 does not apply to the coroner areas specified in the transitional order.

(3)

The transitional order must specify, as the name of each coroner area, the name by which the corresponding coroner’s district was known (but ending “coroner area” instead of “coroner’s district”).

(4)

The transitional order must, in relation to each coroner area, contain the provision that may be made under paragraph 2(1)(b) of Schedule 3 (minimum number of assistant coroners).

F11A

An order under paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 (alteration of coroner areas) may combine two or more coroner areas each of which—

(a)

is wholly within the area of the same local authority, and

(b)

is specified in either—

(i)

the transitional order, or

(ii)

an earlier order made by virtue of this paragraph,

without the resulting coroner area having to satisfy paragraph 1(2) of that Schedule.

Relevant authorities

2

(1)

For the purposes of this Part, the “relevant authority” for each coroner area specified in the transitional order is the authority that was the relevant council under the 1988 Act for the corresponding coroner’s district.

(2)

This paragraph does not apply in relation to a coroner area specified in any subsequent order under Schedule 2.

Senior and assistant coroners

3

(1)

Sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) apply on the coming into force of the repeal by this Act of sections 1 to 7 of the 1988 Act.

(2)

A person who—

(a)

immediately before the repeal was the coroner for a district, and

(b)

would, but for the repeal, continue in office,

is to be treated as having been appointed under paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 3 as the senior coroner for the corresponding coroner area.

(3)

A person who—

(a)

immediately before the repeal was the deputy coroner or an assistant deputy coroner appointed by the coroner for a district, and

(b)

would, but for the repeal, continue in office,

is to be treated as having been appointed under paragraph 2(4) of Schedule 3 as an assistant coroner for the corresponding coroner area.

(4)

A person who—

(a)

becomes an assistant coroner as the result of sub-paragraph (3), and

(b)

would accordingly (but for this sub-paragraph) be entitled to fees under paragraph 16 of Schedule 3,

is instead entitled to a salary under paragraph 15 of that Schedule if immediately before becoming an assistant coroner he or she was a deputy coroner remunerated by a salary.

(5)

Paragraphs 15(6) and 17 of Schedule 3 have effect as if a reference to an area coroner included a reference to a person within sub-paragraph (4).

(6)

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of Schedule 3 do not apply in relation to a deemed appointment under sub-paragraph (2) or (3) above.

(7)

Paragraph 10 of that Schedule does not apply to a person who becomes a senior coroner, area coroner or assistant coroner as the result of sub-paragraph (2) or (3) above.

(8)

Sub-paragraphs (9) to (11) apply where an order under paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 has the effect of creating a coroner area (“the new area”) that consists of or includes some or all of the area of one or more existing coroner areas (“the old areas”).

(9)

A person who does not meet the criteria in paragraph 3 of Schedule 3, or who falls within paragraph 4 of that Schedule, may nevertheless become the senior coroner or an area coroner for the new area at its inception if he or she is someone who—

(a)

was treated by virtue of sub-paragraph (2) above as having been appointed as the senior coroner for one of the old areas, and

(b)

held office as such immediately before the inception of the new area.

(10)

A person who does not meet the criteria in paragraph 3 of Schedule 3, or who falls within paragraph 4 of that Schedule, may nevertheless become an assistant coroner for the new area at its inception if he or she is someone who—

(a)

was treated by virtue of sub-paragraph (2) or (3) above as having been appointed as the senior coroner or an assistant coroner for one of the old areas, and

(b)

held office as such immediately before the inception of the new area.

(11)

Paragraph 10 of that Schedule does not apply to—

(a)

a person within paragraphs (a) and (b) of sub-paragraph (9) above who becomes the senior coroner for the new area at its inception;

(b)

a person within paragraphs (a) and (b) of sub-paragraph (10) above who becomes an assistant coroner for the new area at its inception.

Coroner for Treasure

4

In the case of the first appointment to the office of Coroner for Treasure, paragraph 2(b) of Schedule 4 does not apply to a person holding office as a coroner, deputy coroner or assistant deputy coroner under the 1988 Act on the coming into force of that Schedule.

Investigation by former coroner

5

A person who—

(a)

was appointed as a coroner under section 1 of the 1988 Act, and

(b)

ceased to hold office as such before the coming into force of the repeal by this Act of that section,

is to be treated for the purposes of paragraph 3(3) of Schedule 10 as having held office as a senior coroner.

Interpretation

6

In this Part—

the 1988 Act” means the Coroners Act 1988 (c. 13);

“coroner’s district” or “district” means a coroner’s district for the purposes of the 1988 Act;

corresponding coroner area”, in relation to a district, means the coroner area that (by virtue of the transitional order) has the same area as that district;

corresponding coroner’s district”, in relation to a coroner area, means the coroner’s district whose area becomes (by virtue of the transitional order) the area of that coroner area;

transitional order” means the order made by virtue of paragraph 1(1).

Part 2Criminal offences

Commencement of Chapter 1 of Part 2

7

(1)

No provision of Chapter 1 of Part 2 affects the operation of—

(a)

any rule of the common law, or

(b)

any provision of an Act or of subordinate legislation,

in relation to offences committed wholly or partly before the commencement of the provision in question.

(2)

For the purposes of this paragraph an offence is partly committed before a particular time if—

(a)

a relevant event occurs before that time, and

(b)

another relevant event occurs at or after that time.

(3)

Relevant event” in relation to an offence means any act, omission or other event (including any consequence of an act) proof of which is required for conviction of the offence.

Suicide

8

The reference to “aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring suicide” in the following enactments is to be read as including a reference to “an offence under section 2(1) of the Suicide Act 1961 (encouraging or assisting suicide) in connection with the death of a person”—

(a)

section 70(4) of the Army Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 18);

(b)

section 70(4) of the Air Force Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 19);

(c)

section 48(2) of the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53).

9

Until such time as the following provisions of the Coroners Act 1988 (c. 13) are repealed by this Act, they have effect with the following amendments—

(a)

in section 16(1)(a)(iii) for “consisting of aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring the suicide of the deceased” substitute
(encouraging or assisting suicide) in connection with the death of the deceased
,

(b)

in section 17(1)(c) for “consisting of aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring the suicide of another” substitute
(encouraging or assisting suicide) in connection with a death
, and

(c)

in section 17(2)(c) for “consisting of aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring the suicide of another” substitute
(encouraging or assisting suicide) in connection with a death
.

10

(1)

In this paragraph—

old offence” means an offence under section 2(1) of the Suicide Act 1961 as that section had effect before the section 59 commencement date, or an attempt to commit such an offence;

new offence” means an offence under section 2(1) of that Act as that Act is amended by section 59 of this Act.

(2)

Sub-paragraph (3) applies where—

(a)

a person (“the defendant”) is charged in respect of the same conduct with both an old offence and a new offence,

(b)

the only thing preventing the defendant from being found guilty of the new offence is the fact that it has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the offence was committed wholly after the section 59 commencement date, and

(c)

the only thing preventing the defendant from being found guilty of the old offence is the fact that it has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the offence was committed wholly or partly before the section 59 commencement date.

(3)

For the purpose of determining the guilt of the defendant it is to be conclusively presumed that the offence was committed wholly or partly before the section 59 commencement date.

(4)

For this purpose “the section 59 commencement date” means the day appointed under section 182 for the coming into force of section 59.

11

(1)

In this paragraph—

old offence” means an offence under section 13(1) of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) as that section had effect before the section 60 commencement date, or an attempt to commit such an offence;

new offence” means an offence under section 13(1) of that Act as that Act is amended by section 60 of this Act.

(2)

Sub-paragraph (3) applies where—

(a)

a person (“the defendant”) is charged in respect of the same conduct with both an old offence and a new offence,

(b)

the only thing preventing the defendant from being found guilty of the new offence is the fact that it has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the offence was committed wholly after the section 60 commencement date, and

(c)

the only thing preventing the defendant from being found guilty of the old offence is the fact that it has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the offence was committed wholly or partly before the section 60 commencement date.

(3)

For the purpose of determining the guilt of the defendant it is to be conclusively presumed that the offence was committed wholly or partly before the section 60 commencement date.

(4)

For this purpose “the section 60 commencement date” means the day appointed under section 182 for the coming into force of section 60.

Prohibited images of children

12

(1)

In section 66(3)(a) in its application in relation to England and Wales the reference to F2the general limit in a magistrates’ court is to be read as a reference to 6 months in relation to an offence committed before F32 May 2022.

(2)

The Schedules mentioned in subsections (1)(b) and (2)(b) of section 67, as applied by virtue of that section, have effect in relation to property regardless of when it was lawfully seized.

Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour

13

In the definition of “the relevant period” in section 71(4), as it extends to England and Wales, the reference to 12 months is to be read as a reference to 6 months in relation to an offence committed before F42 May 2022.

Part 3Criminal evidence, investigations and procedure

Anonymity in investigations

14

In section 76(12)(a) the reference to F5the general limit in a magistrates’ court is to be read as a reference to 6 months in relation to an offence committed before F62 May 2022.

15

(1)

Notwithstanding subsection (4)(a) of section 84, references in that section to a service offence are to be treated as including a reference to—

(a)

an offence under Part 2 of the Army Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 18), Part 2 of the Air Force Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 19) or Part 1 of the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53),

(b)

an offence under paragraph 4(6) of Schedule 5A to the Army Act 1955 or the Air Force Act 1955 or of Schedule 4A to the Naval Discipline Act 1957,

(c)

an offence under section 47K of the Naval Discipline Act 1957,

(d)

an offence under section 18 or 20 of the Armed Forces Act 1991 (c. 62) committed before the commencement of section 50 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52) (“the 2006 Act”),

(e)

an offence under any of sections 95 to 97 of the Reserve Forces Act 1996 (c. 14) committed before the commencement of section 50 of the 2006 Act, and

(f)

an offence under paragraph 5(1) of Schedule 1 to the Reserve Forces Act 1996 committed before the commencement of section 50 of the 2006 Act which the Court Martial established by the 2006 Act has jurisdiction to try.

(2)

Notwithstanding subsection (4)(b) of section 84, references in that section to a charge are to be treated as including a reference to a charge that is not brought under Part 5 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 but is to be regarded for the purposes of Part 5 as allocated for Court Martial trial, summary hearing or (as the case may be) Service Civilian Court trial.

Anonymity of witnesses

16

(1)

The repeal of sections 1 to 9 of the Criminal Evidence (Witness Anonymity) Act 2008 (c. 15) (“the 2008 Act”) by section 96 does not affect the continuation in effect of a witness anonymity order made under the 2008 Act before 1 January 2010.

(2)

An application under section 3 of the 2008 Act that falls to be heard on or after 1 January 2010 is to be treated as an application under section 87 of this Act and the conditions in section 88 must be satisfied in relation to it.

(3)

The following provisions of this paragraph apply in relation to witness anonymity orders made under the 2008 Act before 1 January 2010.

(4)

Sections 91 to 93 of this Act have effect on or after 1 January 2010 for the purpose of discharging or varying a witness anonymity order made under the 2008 Act.

(5)

Accordingly, an application under section 6 of the 2008 Act that falls to be heard on or after 1 January 2010 is to be treated as an application under section 91 of this Act or (as the case may be) section 92.

(6)

Where section 91 or 92 of this Act has effect for the purposes of discharging or varying a witness anonymity order made under the 2008 Act, the definition in that section of “the relevant time” is to be treated as including, in a case where a previous application has been made under section 6 of the 2008 Act, the time when the application under section 6 (or the last application under section 6) was made.

(7)

Where section 91, 92 or 93 of this Act has effect in relation to a witness anonymity order made under the 2008 Act, the reference in that section to sections 88 and 89 of this Act has effect as a reference to sections 4 and 5 of the 2008 Act.

(8)

Sections 90 and 94(3) of this Act have effect on or after 1 January 2010 in relation to a witness to whom a witness anonymity order under the 2008 Act applies as they have effect in relation to a witness to whom a witness anonymity order under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act applies.

17

(1)

Where an appeal court’s consideration of a relevant appeal commences before 1 January 2010, the repeal by section 96 of this Act of sections 1 to 9 of the 2008 Act is to be disregarded.

(2)

Where an appeal court’s consideration of a relevant appeal commences on or after 1 January 2010, the reference in section 11(2)(b)(i) to the 2008 Act is to be treated as a reference to Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act.

(3)

In this paragraph—

appeal court” has the meaning given by section 11 of the 2008 Act;

relevant appeal” means an appeal against conviction in relation to which that section applies.

18

(1)

Section 92 of this Act has effect with the modifications made by this paragraph for the purposes of discharging or varying—

(a)

a witness anonymity order made under the Criminal Evidence (Witness Anonymity) Act 2008 (c. 15) by a court-martial constituted under the Army Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 18), the Air Force Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 19) or the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53), or

(b)

a witness anonymity order made under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act by a court-martial constituted under any of those Acts.

(2)

The references in section 92(2) to (5) to the court that made the order are to be treated—

(a)

until the coming into force of section 154(1) of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52), as references to a court-martial constituted under the Army Act 1955, the Air Force Act 1955 or, as the case may be, the Naval Discipline Act 1957, and

(b)

after the coming into force of section 154(1) of the Armed Forces Act 2006, as references to the Court Martial established by that Act.

19

(1)

Section 92 has effect with the modifications made by this paragraph for the purposes of discharging or varying a witness anonymity order made under the Criminal Evidence (Witness Anonymity) Act 2008 by—

(a)

a Summary Appeal Court established by the Army Act 1955, the Air Force Act 1955 or the Naval Discipline Act 1957, or

(b)

a Standing Civilian Court established under the Armed Forces Act 1976 (c. 52).

(2)

The references in section 92(2) to (5) to the court that made the order are to be treated—

(a)

where the order was made by a Summary Appeal Court, as references to the Summary Appeal Court established by the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52), and

(b)

where the order was made by a Standing Civilian Court, as references to the Service Civilian Court established by the Armed Forces Act 2006.

20

(1)

Notwithstanding section 97, references in Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act to a service court are to be treated as including a reference to—

(a)

a court-martial constituted under the Army Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 18), the Air Force Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2 c. 19) or the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53);

(b)

the Summary Appeal Court established by any of those Acts;

(c)

a Standing Civilian Court established under the Armed Forces Act 1976;

(d)

the Courts-Martial Appeal Court.

(2)

Notwithstanding subsection (6) of section 93 of this Act, the references in section 93 to an appeal court are to be treated as including a reference to the Courts-Martial Appeal Court.

(3)

Each of the provisions mentioned in sub-paragraph (4) has effect with the modification set out in that sub-paragraph in a case where—

(a)

a witness anonymity order is made under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act by a relevant service court to which that provision applies, and

(b)

a person does anything in relation to the order which would, if the court had been a court of law having power to commit for contempt, have been contempt of that court.

(4)

In such a case—

(a)

section 101(1) of the Army Act 1955 has effect with the omission of the words “not subject to military law”,

(b)

section 101(1) of the Air Force Act 1955 has effect with the omission of the words “not subject to air-force law”, and

(c)

section 65(1) of the Naval Discipline Act 1957 has effect with the omission of the words “not subject to this Act”.

(5)

In sub-paragraph (3) “relevant service court” means—

(a)

a court-martial constituted under the Army Act 1955, the Air Force Act 1955 or the Naval Discipline Act 1957;

(b)

the Summary Appeal Court established by any of those Acts.

21

Notwithstanding section 97, references in Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Act to a service offence are to be treated as including a reference to—

(a)

an offence under Part 2 of the Army Act 1955, Part 2 of the Air Force Act 1955 or Part 1 of the Naval Discipline Act 1957,

(b)

an offence under paragraph 4(6) of Schedule 5A to the Army Act 1955 or the Air Force Act 1955 or of Schedule 4A to the Naval Discipline Act 1957,

(c)

an offence under section 47K of the Naval Discipline Act 1957,

(d)

an offence under section 18 or 20 of the Armed Forces Act 1991 (c. 62) committed before the commencement of section 50 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52) (“the 2006 Act”),

(e)

an offence under any of sections 95 to 97 of the Reserve Forces Act 1996 (c. 14) committed before the commencement of section 50 of the 2006 Act, and

(f)

an offence under paragraph 5(1) of Schedule 1 to the Reserve Forces Act 1996 committed before the commencement of section 50 of the 2006 Act which the Court Martial established by the 2006 Act has jurisdiction to try.

22

If paragraph 70 of Schedule 21 to this Act comes into force before the commencement of paragraph 53 of Schedule 8 to the Armed Forces Act 2006, the reference in paragraph 70 to the Court Martial Appeals Act 1968 (c. 20) is to be read as a reference to the Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1968 (c. 20).

Vulnerable and intimidated witnesses

23

(1)

The amendments made by sections 98 to 103 apply to proceedings instituted before the commencement of the amendment in question.

(2)

But the amendments made by sections 98 to 103 do not affect the continued operation of a special measures direction given before the commencement of the amendment in question.

(3)

Sub-paragraph (2) does not prevent an amendment made by sections 98 to 103 from applying after its commencement to—

(a)

the variation under section 20 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (c. 23) of a special measures direction that was given in relation to a witness before the commencement of the amendment, and

(b)

the giving of a new special measures direction in relation to a witness (including the giving of a new direction in a case where a special measures direction given in relation to the witness in question has been discharged under section 20 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 after the commencement of the amendment).

(4)

In this paragraph, “special measures direction” means a direction under section 19 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999.

24

The references in paragraphs 30 and 31 of Schedule 1A to the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (inserted by Schedule 14 to this Act) to an offence under Part 2 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27) include a reference to the common law offence of incitement.

Evidence of previous complaint

25

Section 112 does not have effect in relation to trials or hearings begun before the commencement of that section.

Indictment of offenders

26

(1)

For the purposes of any proceedings before a court (including proceedings on an appeal to the court) after the passing of this Act, the amendments in subsections (1) and (2) of section 116 are to be deemed always to have had effect.

(2)

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1), it is immaterial whether the proceedings were begun before or after the passing of this Act.

Part 4Sentencing

Sentencing Council for England and Wales

27

(1)

Nothing in section 125 or 126 has effect in relation to the sentencing of persons for offences committed before the commencement of the section in question.

(2)

Where an offence is found to have been committed over a period of 2 or more days, or at some time during a period of 2 or more days, it must be taken for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) to have been committed on the last of those days.

28

(1)

Without prejudice to the generality of section 177, an order under subsection (3) of that section made by the Lord Chancellor may provide—

(a)

for the Sentencing Council for England and Wales to exercise any function conferred on the Sentencing Guidelines Council by any provision of Chapter 1 of Part 12 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44) pending the repeal of the provision in question by this Act;

(b)

for existing guidelines which have effect immediately before the coming into force of section 125(1) to be treated as guidelines issued by the Sentencing Council for England and Wales under this Act;

(c)

that, in relation to the sentencing of persons for offences committed before the coming into force of section 125(1), any provision of Chapter 1 of Part 12 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 repealed by this Act continues to have effect with such modifications as are specified in the order.

(2)

Existing guidelines” means—

(a)

sentencing or allocation guidelines issued as definitive guidelines under section 170 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003;

(b)

guidelines with respect to sentencing which were included in any judgment of the Court of Appeal given before 27 February 2004 and have not been superseded by sentencing guidelines so issued.

Driving disqualification

29

(1)

No provision of Schedule 16 applies in relation to, or has effect by reference to, offences committed wholly or partly before the commencement of the provision in question.

(2)

An offence is partly committed before the commencement of a provision if—

(a)

a relevant event occurs before commencement, and

(b)

another relevant event occurs on or after commencement.

(3)

Relevant event” in relation to an offence means any act or other event (including any consequence of an act) proof of which is required for conviction of the offence.

30

(1)

During the transitory period, the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (c. 53) has effect with the amendments made by paragraphs 31 to 33.

(2)

The transitory period is—

(a)

in the case of paragraph 31 or 32, the period beginning with the coming into force of the paragraph and ending with the coming into force of section 35 of the Road Safety Act 2006 (c. 49) (which substitutes sections 34A to 34C of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (c. 53));

(b)

in the case of paragraph 33, the period beginning with the coming into force of the paragraph and ending with the coming into force of paragraph 44(2) of Schedule 3 to the Road Safety Act 2006.

31

In section 34A (reduced disqualification period for attendance on courses)—

(a)

in subsection (1)(b), after “months” insert
(disregarding any extension period added pursuant to section 35A or 35C)
,

(b)

in subsection (2), after “section 34” insert
(disregarding any extension period added pursuant to section 35A or 35C)
(“the unreduced period”)
,

(c)

in subsection (3), after “section 34”, in both places it occurs, insert
(disregarding any extension period added pursuant to section 35A or 35C)
,

(d)

after that subsection insert—

“(3A)

The reduced period” is the period of disqualification imposed under section 34 of this Act (disregarding any extension period added pursuant to section 35A or 35C) as reduced by an order under this section.”, and

(e)

in subsection (5), at the end insert
but including any extension period added pursuant to section 35A or 35C.

32

In section 34B (certificates of completion of courses)—

(a)

in subsection (1), for “period of disqualification imposed under section 34” substitute
total unreduced period of disqualification
,

(b)

in subsection (2)—

(i)

for “period of disqualification imposed under section 34” substitute
total unreduced period of disqualification
,

(ii)

for “end of the period as it would have been reduced by the order” substitute
total reduced period of disqualification
, and

(iii)

for “reduced period” substitute
total reduced period of disqualification
, and

(c)

after that subsection insert—

“(2A)

For the purposes of this section—

the total reduced period of disqualification” means the period of disqualification imposed under section 34 (including any extension period added to that period pursuant to section 35A or 35C), as reduced by an order under section 34A;

the total unreduced period of disqualification” means the period of disqualification imposed under section 34 (including any such extension period), disregarding any reduction by such an order.”

33

In section 47(2)
(supplementary provisions as to disqualification and endorsement) after “or more” insert
(disregarding any extension period)
.

F734

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F835

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F936

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dangerous offenders

37

(1)

The amendments made by section 138 have effect in relation only to offences committed on or after the day that section comes into force.

(2)

Where an offence is found to have been committed over a period of 2 or more days, or at some time during a period of 2 or more days, it must be taken for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) to have been committed on the last of those days.

38

(1)

The amendments made by section 139 have effect in relation only to offences committed on or after the day that section comes into force.

(2)

Where an offence is found to have been committed over a period of 2 or more days, or at some time during a period of 2 or more days, it must be taken for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) to have been committed on the last of those days.

Confiscation orders

39

The amendments made by sections 140 and 141 (appeals against certain confiscation orders) apply to appeals which are pending when this Act is passed (as well as appeals made after that time).

Part 5Miscellaneous

Treatment of convictions in other member States etc

40

No provision of paragraph 1, 2 or 13 to 18 of Schedule 17 has effect in relation to trials or hearings begun before the commencement of that provision.

41

(1)

No provision of paragraph 6, 8, 10 or 12 of that Schedule has effect in relation to any sentence passed in relation to a conviction for an offence committed before the coming into force of that provision.

(2)

Where an offence is found to have been committed over a period of 2 or more days, or at some time during a period of 2 or more days, it must be taken for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) to have been committed on the last of those days.

42

(1)

No provision of paragraph 7, 9 or 11 of that Schedule has effect in relation to any sentence passed in relation to a conviction for a service offence committed before the coming into force of that provision.

(2)

Where a service offence is found to have been committed over a period of 2 or more days, or at some time during a period of 2 or more days, it must be taken for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) to have been committed on the last of those days.

(3)

For the purposes of this paragraph—

(a)

service offence” has the meaning given in section 50(2) of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (c. 52), and

(b)

subsections (1) to (3) of section 376 of that Act apply as they apply in relation to that Act.

Transfer of functions to Parole Board

F1043

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Knives in court buildings etc

44

(1)

No provision of section 146 has effect in relation to property which was surrendered or seized before the coming into force of that provision.

(2)

No provision of section 147 has effect in relation to property which was surrendered or seized before the coming into force of that provision.

Criminal memoirs etc

45

Until both sections 22(1) and 27(1) of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (c. 26) come into force the reference in section 161(3)(b) to the Advocate General for Northern Ireland is to be read as a reference to the Attorney General for Northern Ireland.

Assessment notices

46

Until paragraph 8 of Schedule 4 to the Courts Act 2003 (c. 39) comes into force paragraph 1(1A) of Schedule 9 to the Data Protection Act 1998 (c. 29) (as inserted by paragraph 14(2) of Schedule 20 to this Act) has effect as if the words “or a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts)” were omitted.

Assessment of dangerousness and service offences

47

Nothing in paragraph 95 of Schedule 21 has effect in relation to any person sentenced under section 225, 226, 227 or 228 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44) before the passing of this Act.