Legislation – Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007

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Introduction

Part 1
Tribunals and Inquiries

Chapter 1 Tribunal judiciary: independence and Senior President

1 Independence of tribunal judiciary

2 Senior President of Tribunals

Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

Establishment

3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal

Members and composition of tribunals

4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal

5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal

6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

6A Certain judges who are also judges of the First-tier Tribunal

7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents

8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate

Review of decisions and appeals

9 Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal

10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal

11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal

11A Finality of decisions by Upper Tribunal about permission to appeal

12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal

13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc.

14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc.

14A Appeal to Supreme Court: grant of certificate by Upper Tribunal

14B Appeal to Supreme Court: permission to appeal

14C Appeal to Supreme Court: exclusions


“Judicial review”

15 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction

16 Application for relief under section 15(1)

17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision

18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1)

19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court

20 Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session

20A Procedural steps where application transferred

21 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction: Scotland

Miscellaneous

22 Tribunal Procedure Rules

23 Practice directions

24 Mediation

25 Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal

26 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places

27 Enforcement

28 Assessors

29 Costs or expenses

29ZA Enabling the public to see and hear proceedings

29ZB Offences of recording or transmission in relation to broadcasting

29ZC Offences of recording or transmitting participation through live link

29ZD Interpretation

CHAPTER 2A Exercise of tribunal functions by authorised persons

29A Meaning of “authorised person” and “judicial office holder”

29B Directions and independence: authorised persons

29C Protection of authorised persons

29D Costs or expenses in legal proceedings: authorised persons

29E Indemnification of authorised persons

Chapter 3 Transfer of tribunal functions

30 Transfer of functions of certain tribunals

31 Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers

32 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Wales

33 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland

34 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern Ireland

35 Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals

36 Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals

37 Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 6

38 Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary

Chapter 4 Administrative matters in respect of certain tribunals

39 The general duty

40 Tribunal staff and services

41 Provision of accommodation

42 Fees

43 Report by Senior President of Tribunals

Chapter 5 Oversight of administrative justice system, tribunals and inquiries

44 The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council

45 Abolition of the Council on Tribunals

Chapter 6 Supplementary

46 Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc.

47 Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare

48 Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions

49 Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural provisions

Part 2
Judicial appointments

50 Judicial appointments: “judicial-appointment eligibility condition”

51 “Relevant qualification” in section 50: further provision

52 Meaning of “gain experience in law” in section 50

53 Transfer from salaried to fee-paid judicial office

54 Continuation of judicial office after normal retirement date

55 Appointment of deputy Circuit judges

56 Appointment of deputy district judges,

57 Deputy, and temporary additional, Masters etc.

58 Appointment of temporary assistants to Judge Advocate General

59 Members and chairmen of certain Appeals Commissions

60 Appointment as Chairman of Law Commission

61 Orders permitting disclosures to Judicial Appointments Commission

Part 3
Enforcement by taking control of goods

Chapter 1 Procedure

62 Enforcement by taking control of goods

63 Enforcement agents

64 Certificates to act as an enforcement agent

65 Common law rules replaced

66 Pre-commencement enforcement not affected

67 Transfer of county court enforcement

68 Magistrates’ courts warrants of control

69 County court warrants of control etc.

70 Power of High Court to stay execution

Chapter 2 Rent arrears recovery

71 Abolition of common law right

72 Commercial rent arrears recovery (CRAR)

73 Landlord

74 Lease

75 Commercial premises

76 Rent

77 The rent recoverable

78 Intervention of the court

79 Use of CRAR after end of lease

80 Agricultural holdings

81 Right to rent from sub-tenant

82 Off-setting payments under a notice

83 Withdrawal and replacement of notices

84 Recovery of sums due and overpayments

85 Contracts for similar rights to be void

86 Amendments

87 Interpretation of Chapter

Chapter 3 General

88 Abolition of Crown preference

89 Application to the Crown

90 Regulations

Part 4
Enforcement of judgments and orders

91 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates

92 Attachment of earnings orders: finding the debtor’s current employer

93 Payment by instalments: making and enforcing charging orders

94 Charging orders: power to set financial thresholds

95 Application for information about action to recover judgment debt

96 Action by the court

97 Departmental information requests

98 Information orders

99 Responding to a departmental information request

100 Information order: required information not held etc.

101 Using the information about the debtor

102 Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure

103 Regulations

104 Interpretation

105 Application and transitional provision

Part 5
Debt management and relief

Chapter 1 Administration orders

106 Administration orders

Chapter 2 Enforcement restriction orders

107 Enforcement restriction orders

Chapter 3 Debt relief orders

108 Debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc.

Chapter 4 Debt management schemes

109 Debt management schemes

110 Debt repayment plans

111 Approval by supervising authority

112 Applications for approval

113 Terms of approval

114 Discharge from specified debts

115 Presentation of bankruptcy petition

116 Remedies other than bankruptcy

117 Charging of interest etc.

118 Stopping supplies of gas or electricity

119 Existing county court proceedings to be stayed

120 Registration of plans

121 Other debt management arrangements in force

122 Right of appeal

123 Dealing with appeals

124 Charges by operator of approved scheme

125 Procedure for termination

126 Terminating an approval

127 Alternatives to termination

128 Effects of end of approval

129 The supervising authority

130 Regulations

131 Main definitions

132 Expressions relating to debts

133 Periods of protection

Part 6
Protection of cultural objects on loan

134 Protected objects

135 Effect of protection

136 Relevant museums and galleries

137 Interpretation

138 Crown application

Part 7
Miscellaneous

139 Enforcement by enforcement officers

140 Supplementary

141 Judicial review: power to substitute decision

142 Recovery of sums payable under compromises involving ACAS

143 Appeals in relation to design rights

Part 8
General

144 Protected functions of the Lord Chancellor

145 Power to make supplementary or other provision

146 Repeals

147 Extent

148 Commencement

149 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Senior President of Tribunals

SCHEDULE 2 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal

SCHEDULE 3 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal

SCHEDULE 4 Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision

SCHEDULE 5 Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

SCHEDULE 6 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36

SCHEDULE 7 Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council

SCHEDULE 8 Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments

SCHEDULE 9 Tribunals: transitional provision

SCHEDULE 10 Amendments relating to judicial appointments

SCHEDULE 11 District judges and deputy district judges

SCHEDULE 12 Taking control of goods

SCHEDULE 13 Taking control of goods: amendments

SCHEDULE 14 Rent arrears recovery: amendments

SCHEDULE 15 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates

SCHEDULE 16 Administration orders: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 17 Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 18 Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 19 Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 20 Debt relief orders: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 21 Regulations under sections 111 and 113

SCHEDULE 22 Compulsory purchase: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 23 Repeals

Changes to legislation:

Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, SCHEDULE 11 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 03 April 2026. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Help about Changes to Legislation

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SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 11District judges and deputy district judges

Section 56

Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)

1

The Supreme Court Act 1981 is amended as set out in paragraphs 2 and 3.

2

In section 100 (district judges), after subsection (4) insert—

“(5)

The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under subsection (1).”

3

(1)

Section 102 (deputy district judges) is amended as follows.

(2)

For subsections (1) and (2)
(appointment of deputy district judges to district registries) substitute—

“(1)

If it appears to the Lord Chancellor that it is expedient to do so in order to facilitate the disposal of business in the High Court, he may appoint a person to be a deputy district judge.

(1A)

A person is qualified for appointment under subsection (1) only if the person—

(a)

is qualified for appointment as a district judge, or

(b)

holds, or has held, the office of district judge.

(1B)

The Lord Chancellor may not appoint a person under subsection (1) without the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice if the person—

(a)

holds the office of district judge, or

(b)

ceased to hold the office of district judge within two years ending with the date when the appointment takes effect.

(1C)

Section 85 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)
(selection of certain office holders) does not apply to an appointment to which subsection (1B) applies.”

(3)

In subsection (3)
(former district judge may be appointed as deputy even though too old to be appointed as a district judge, but no appointment by virtue of the subsection may extend beyond age 75), for the words from the beginning to “by virtue of this subsection” substitute
No appointment to which subsection (1B) applies
.

(4)

For subsection (4)
(powers of deputy district judges) substitute—

“(4A)

The Lord Chief Justice, after consulting the Lord Chancellor—

(a)

may assign a deputy district judge appointed under this section to one or more district registries;

(b)

may change an assignment so as to assign the deputy district judge to a different district registry or registries (or to no district registry).

(4B)

A deputy district judge appointed under this section and assigned to a district registry has, while acting under his assignment, the same jurisdiction as a district judge assigned to that registry.

(4C)

Every deputy district judge appointed under this section is, by virtue of his office, capable of acting as a district judge in any district registry to which he is not assigned, but may act in a district registry to which he is not assigned only in accordance with arrangements made by or on behalf of the Lord Chief Justice.”

(5)

After subsection (5) insert—

“(5A)

The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under subsection (1B) or (4A).”

4

(1)

This paragraph applies to a person holding office as a deputy district judge under section 102 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54) by virtue of an appointment made before the commencement of paragraph 3 (“the commencement date”).

(2)

If the person had held the office of district judge before his appointment, the person is to be treated after the commencement date as if section 102(1B) of that Act had applied to his appointment (and had been complied with).

(3)

The person is to be treated after the commencement date as assigned under section 102(4A) of that Act to the district registry for which he was appointed.

County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28)

5

The County Courts Act 1984 is amended as set out in paragraphs 6 to 9.

F16

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

(1)

Section 8 (deputy district judges) is amended as follows.

(2)

For subsection (1)
(appointment and powers of deputy district judges) substitute—

“(1)

If it appears to the Lord Chancellor that it is expedient to do so in order to facilitate the disposal of business in the county courts, he may appoint a person to be a deputy district judge.

(1ZA)

A person is qualified for appointment under subsection (1) only if the person—

(a)

is qualified for appointment as a district judge, or

(b)

holds, or has held, the office of district judge.

(1ZB)

The Lord Chancellor may not appoint a person under subsection (1) without the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice if the person—

(a)

holds the office of district judge, or

(b)

ceased to hold the office of district judge within two years ending with the date when the appointment takes effect.

(1ZC)

Section 85 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)
(selection of certain office holders) does not apply to an appointment to which subsection (1ZB) applies.”

(3)

In subsection (1A)(a)
(duration of appointment as deputy district judge of person who previously held office as district judge), for “if he has previously held office as a district judge,” substitute
if subsection (1ZB) applies to the appointment,
.

(4)

After subsection (1A) insert—

“(1B)

The Lord Chief Justice, after consulting the Lord Chancellor—

(a)

may assign a deputy district judge appointed under this section to one or more districts;

(b)

may change an assignment so as to assign the deputy district judge to a different district or districts (or to no district).

(1C)

A deputy district judge appointed under this section and assigned to a district has, while acting under his assignment, the same powers as if he were a district judge assigned to the district.

(1D)

Every deputy district judge appointed under this section is, by virtue of his office, capable of acting as a district judge in any district to which he is not assigned, but may act in a district to which he is not assigned only in accordance with arrangements made by or on behalf of the Lord Chief Justice.”

(5)

After subsection (3) insert—

“(4)

The Lord Chief Justice may nominate a judicial office holder (as defined in section 109(4) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005) to exercise his functions under subsection (1ZB) or (1B).”

8

In section 9(qualifications for appointment as a district judge, or as a deputy district judge for a county court district)—

(a)

omit “, or deputy district judge”, and

(b)

in the heading, after “Qualifications” insert
for appointment as district judge
.

9

In section 147(1)
(interpretation of Act), in the definition of “officer”
(which provides that “officer”, in relation to a county court, includes a district judge or deputy district judge of that court), for the words after “means” and before “and any clerk” substitute
any district judge or deputy district judge assigned to that court
.

10

(1)

This paragraph applies to a person holding office as a deputy district judge under section 8 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) by virtue of an appointment made before the commencement of paragraph 7 (“the commencement date”).

(2)

If the person had held the office of district judge before his appointment, the person is to be treated after the commencement date as if section 8(1ZB) of that Act had applied to his appointment (and had been complied with).

(3)

If sub-paragraph (2) does not apply, the person is to be treated after the commencement date as appointed under section 8(1) of that Act.

(4)

The person is to be treated after the commencement date as assigned under section 8(1B) of that Act to the county court district for which he was appointed.

Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)

11

The Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 is amended as follows.

12

In section 26(7)
(certain offices for which retirement date is age 75), for paragraph (g)
(certain deputy district judges) substitute—

“(g)

hold office as a deputy district judge if either section 102(1B) of that Act (former district judge appointed as deputy in the High Court) or section 8(1ZB) of the County Courts Act 1984 (former district judge appointed as deputy in the county courts) applied to the appointment;”.

13

(1)

Schedule 5 (“the relevant offices” for the purposes of the retirement provisions) is amended as follows.

(2)

In the entry for a deputy district judge appointed under section 102 of the Supreme Court Act 1981, for the words after “except in a case where” substitute “subsection (1B) of that section applied to the appointment of the person in question”.

(3)

In the entry for a deputy district judge appointed under section 8 of the County Courts Act 1984, for the words after “except in a case where” substitute “subsection (1ZB) of that section applied to the appointment of the person in question”.

Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)

14

In section 64(2) of the Courts Act 2003 (power to alter listed judicial titles), in the entry for a deputy district judge for a county court district, for “for a county court district” substitute
appointed under section 8 of the County Courts Act 1984
.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4)

15

In Part 2 of Schedule 14 to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (certain offices to which appointments are made by the Lord Chancellor)—

(a)

in the entry for a deputy district judge in a district registry of the High Court, omit “in a district registry of the High Court”, and

(b)

in the entry for a deputy district judge for a county court district, omit “for a county court district”.