Legislation – Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023

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Introduction

PART 1
Companies etc

1 The registrar’s objectives

2 Statement as to lawful purposes

3 Information about subscribers

4 Proposed officers: identity verification

5 Proposed officers: disqualification

6 Persons with initial significant control: disqualification

7 Persons with initial significant control: identity verification

8 Names for criminal purposes

9 Names suggesting connection with foreign governments etc

10 Names containing computer code

11 Prohibition on re-registering name following direction

12 Prohibition on using name that another company has been directed to change

13 Directions to change name: period for compliance

14 Requirements to change name: removal of old name from public inspection

15 Objections to company’s registered name

16 Misleading indication of activities

17 Direction to change name used for criminal purposes

18 Direction to change name wrongly registered

19 Registrar’s power to change names containing computer code

20 Registrar’s power to change company’s name for breach of direction

21 Sections 19 and 20: consequential amendments

22 Company names: exceptions based on national security etc

23 Use of name suggesting connection with foreign governments etc

24 Use of name giving misleading indication of activities

25 Use of name that a company has been required to change

26 Use of name that another company has been required to change

27 Use of names: exceptions based on national security etc

28 Registered office: appropriate address

29 Registered email addresses etc

30 Registered email addresses: transitional provision

31 Disqualification for persistent breaches of companies legislation: GB

32 Disqualification for persistent breaches of companies legislation: NI

33 Disqualification on summary conviction: GB

34 Disqualification on summary conviction: NI

35 Power to impose director disqualification sanctions

36 Disqualification of persons designated under sanctions legislation: GB

37 Section 36: application to other bodies

38 Disqualification of persons designated under sanctions legislation: NI

39 Section 38: application to other bodies

40 Disqualified directors

41 Section 40: amendments to clarify existing corresponding provisions

42 Repeal of power to require additional statements

43 Prohibition on director acting unless ID verified

44 Prohibition on acting unless directorship notified

45 Registrar’s power to change a director’s service address

46 Register of members: information to be included and powers to obtain it

47 Additional ground for rectifying the register of members

48 Register of members: protecting information

49 Register of members: removal of option to use central register

50 Membership information: one-off statement

51 Abolition of local registers etc

52 Protection of date of birth information

53 Filing obligations of micro-entities

54 Filing obligations of small companies other than micro-entities

55 Sections 53 and 54: consequential amendments

56 Use or disclosure of profit and loss accounts for certain companies

57 Statements about exemption from audit requirements

58 Removal of option to abridge Companies Act accounts

59 Confirmation statements

60 Duty to confirm lawful purposes

61 Duty to notify a change in company’s principal business activities

62 Duty to deliver information about exemption from Part 21A

63 Confirmation statements: offences

64 Identity verification of persons with significant control

65 Procedure etc for verifying identity

66 Authorisation of corporate service providers

67 Exemption from identity verification: national security grounds

68 Allocation of unique identifiers

69 Identity verification: material unavailable for public inspection

70 Registrar’s power to strike off company registered on false basis

71 Requirements for administrative restoration

72 Delivery of documents: identity verification etc

73 Disqualification from delivering documents

74 Proper delivery: requirements about who may deliver documents

75 Delivery of documents by electronic means

76 Delivery of order confirming reduction of share capital

77 Delivery of statutory declaration of solvency

78 Registrar’s rules requiring documents to be delivered together

79 Power to reject documents for inconsistencies

80 Informal correction of document

81 Preservation of original documents

82 Records relating to dissolved companies etc

83 Power to require additional information

84 Registrar’s notice to resolve inconsistencies

85 Administrative removal of material from the register

86 Rectification of the register under court order

87 Power to require businesses to report discrepancies

88 Inspection of the register: general

89 Copies of material on the register

90 Material not available for public inspection

91 Protecting information on the register

92 Analysis of information for the purposes of crime prevention or detection

93 Fees: costs that may be taken into account

94 Disclosure of information

95 Use or disclosure of directors’ address information by companies

96 Use or disclosure of PSC information by companies

97 Use of directors’ address information by registrar

98 Change of addresses of officers of overseas companies by registrar

99 Overseas companies: availability of material for public inspection etc

100 Registered addresses of an overseas company

101 Overseas companies: identity verification of directors

102 General false statement offences

103 False statement offences: national security etc defence

104 Financial penalties

105 Registered office: rectification of register

106 Rectification of register: service addresses

107 Rectification of register: principal office addresses

108 Service of documents on people with significant control

PART 2
Partnerships

CHAPTER 1 Limited partnerships etc.

Meaning of “limited partnership”

109 Meaning of “limited partnership”

Required information about limited partnerships

110 Required information about partners

111 Required information about partners: transitional provision

112 Details about general nature of partnership business

Registered offices

113 A limited partnership’s registered office

114 A limited partnership’s registered office: transitional provision

115 A limited partnership’s registered office: consequential amendments

Registered email addresses

116 A limited partnership’s registered email address

117 A limited partnership’s registered email address: transitional provision

The general partners

118 Restrictions on general partners

119 Officers of general partners

120 Officers of general partners: transitional provision

Removal of option to authenticate application by signature

121 Removal of option to authenticate application by signature

Changes in partnerships

122 Notification of information about partners

123 New partners: transitional provision about required information

124 New general partners: transitional provision about officers

125 Notification of other changes

126 Confirmation statements

127 Confirmation statements: Scottish partnerships

Accounts

128 Power for HMRC to obtain accounts

Dissolution, winding up and sequestration

129 Dissolution and winding up: modifications of general law

130 Dissolution by the court when a partner has a mental disorder

131 Winding up limited partnerships on grounds of public interest

132 Winding up dissolved limited partnerships

133 Power to make provision about winding up

134 Winding up of limited partnerships: concurrent proceedings

135 Sequestration of limited partnerships: concurrent winding up proceedings

The register of limited partnerships

136 The register of limited partnerships

137 Material not available for public inspection

138 Records relating to dissolved or deregistered limited partnerships

Disclosure of information

139 Disclosure of information about partners

The registrar’s role relating to dissolution, revival and deregistration

140 Duty to notify registrar of dissolution

141 Registrar’s power to confirm dissolution of limited partnership

142 Registrar’s power to confirm dissolution: transitional provision

143 Voluntary deregistration of limited partnership

144 Removal of limited partnership from index of names

Delivery of documents

145 Delivery of documents relating to limited partnerships

146 General false statement offences

National security exemption from identity verification

147 National security exemption from identity verification

Service on a limited partnership

148 Service on a limited partnership

Application of other laws

149 Application of company law

150 Application of Partnership Act 1890 (meaning of firm)

Regulations

151 Limited partnerships: regulations

Further amendments

152 Limited partnerships: further amendments

CHAPTER 2 Miscellaneous provision about partnerships

153 Registration of qualifying Scottish partnerships

154 Power to amend disqualification legislation in relation to relevant entities: GB

155 Power to amend disqualification legislation in relation to relevant entities: NI

PART 3
Register of overseas entities

156 Register of overseas entities

157 Required information about overseas entities: address information

158 Registration of information about land

159 Registration of information about trusts

160 Registration of information about managing officers: age limits

161 Registrable beneficial owners: cases involving trusts

162 Registrable beneficial owners: nominees

163 Information about changes in beneficiaries under trusts

164 Applications for removal

165 Verification of registrable beneficial owners and managing officers

166 Material unavailable for public inspection: verification information

167 Material unavailable for public inspection

168 Protection of information

169 Resolving inconsistencies in the register

170 Administrative removal of material from register

171 False statement offences in connection with information notices

172 General false statement offences

173 Enforcement of requirement to register: updated language about penalties etc

174 Overseas entities: further information for transitional cases

175 Financial penalties: interaction with offences

176 Meaning of “service address”

177 Meaning of “registered overseas entity” in land registration legislation

178 Power to apply Part 1 amendments to register of overseas entities

PART 4
Cryptoassets

179 Cryptoassets: confiscation orders

180 Cryptoassets: civil recovery

181 Cryptoassets: terrorism

PART 5
Miscellaneous

182 Money laundering: exiting and paying away exemptions

183 Money laundering: exemptions for mixed-property transactions

184 Money laundering: offences of failing to disclose

185 Money laundering: information orders

186 Terrorist financing: information orders

187 Enhanced due diligence: designation of high-risk countries

188 Direct disclosures of information: restrictions on civil liability

189 Indirect disclosure of information: restrictions on civil liability

190 Meaning of “privileged disclosure”

191 Meaning of “relevant actions”

192 Meaning of “business relationship”

193 Other defined terms in sections 188 to 191

194 Strategic litigation against public participation: requirement to make rules of court

195 Meaning of “SLAPP” claim

196 Attributing criminal liability for economic crimes to certain bodies

197 Power to amend list of economic crimes

198 Offences under section 196 committed by partnerships

199 Failure to prevent fraud

200 Fraud offences: supplementary

201 Section 199: large organisations

202 Large organisations: parent undertakings

203 Offences under section 199 committed by partnerships

204 Guidance about preventing fraud offences

205 Failure to prevent fraud: minor definitions

206 Failure to prevent fraud: miscellaneous

207 Law Society: powers to fine in cases relating to economic crime

208 Scottish Solicitors’ Discipline Tribunal: powers to fine in cases relating to economic crime

209 Regulators of legal services: objective relating to economic crime

210 Approved regulators: information powers relating to economic crime

211 Serious Fraud Office: pre-investigation powers

212 Reports on payments to governments regulations: false statement offences etc

213 Reports on the implementation and operation of Parts 1 to 3

214 Sanctions enforcement: monetary penalties

215 Report on costs orders for proceedings for civil recovery

PART 6
General

216 Power to make consequential provision

217 Regulations

218 Extent

219 Commencement

220 Transitional provision

221 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Register of members: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 2 Abolition of certain local registers

SCHEDULE 3 Disclosure of information: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 4 Required information

SCHEDULE 5 Limited partnerships: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 6 Duty to deliver information about changes in beneficiaries

SCHEDULE 7 Overseas entities: further information for transitional cases

SCHEDULE 8 Cryptoassets: confiscation orders

SCHEDULE 9 Cryptoassets: civil recovery

SCHEDULE 10 Cryptoassets: terrorism

SCHEDULE 11 Economic crime offences

SCHEDULE 12 Criminal liability of bodies: economic crimes

SCHEDULE 13 Failure to prevent fraud: fraud offences

Changes to legislation:

There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023, SCHEDULE 7. Help about Changes to Legislation

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SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 7Overseas entities: further information for transitional cases

Section 174

1

The Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022 is amended as follows.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I1Sch. 7 para. 1 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 219(1)(2)(b)

2

In section 16 (verification of registrable beneficial owners and managing officers), in subsection (1), after paragraph (c) insert—

“(d)

complies with the duty under Schedule 6 (duty to deliver further information about transitional period).”

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I2Sch. 7 para. 2 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 219(1)(2)(b)

3

After section 43 insert—

“43ADuty to deliver further information for transitional cases

Schedule 6 (duty to deliver further information for transitional cases) imposes further duties on overseas entities to deliver information.”

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I3Sch. 7 para. 3 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 219(1)(2)(b)

4

After Schedule 5 insert—

“SCHEDULE 6Duty to deliver further information for transitional cases

Application of this Schedule

1

(1)

This Schedule applies in relation to an overseas entity if—

(a)

the entity—

(i)

is registered as an overseas entity when this Schedule comes into force or has been so registered at any earlier time, and

(ii)

was registered as the proprietor of a relevant interest in land in England and Wales or Scotland at any time during the relevant period, or

(b)

the entity has committed an offence under paragraph 5 of Schedule 3 or paragraph 10 of Schedule 4 (duty to register as overseas entity in certain transitional cases).

(2)

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)

(a)

an overseas entity is registered as the proprietor of a relevant interest in land in England and Wales if the entity is registered in the register of title kept under the Land Registration Act 2002 as the proprietor of a qualifying estate within the meaning of Schedule 4A to that Act;

(b)

an overseas entity is registered as the proprietor of a relevant interest in land in Scotland if the entity—

(i)

is entered, on or after 8 December 2014, as proprietor in the proprietorship section of the title sheet for a plot of land that is registered in the Land Register of Scotland,

(ii)

in relation to a lease that was recorded in the General Register of Sasines or registered in the Land Register of Scotland before that date is, by virtue of an assignation of the lease registered in the Land Register of Scotland on or after that date, the tenant under the lease, or

(iii)

is the tenant under a lease that was registered in the Land Register of Scotland on or after that date.

(3)

Expressions used in sub-paragraph (2)(b) are to be construed in accordance with section 9(11) and (12).

(4)

In this Schedule “the relevant period” means the period—

(a)

beginning with 28 February 2022;

(b)

ending with 31 January 2023.

Duty to deliver statements and information

2

(1)

The overseas entity must deliver to the registrar—

(a)

any statements or information required by—

  • paragraph 3 (changes in beneficial ownership of overseas entity),

  • paragraph 4 (information about trusts and changes in beneficiaries under trusts), and

  • paragraph 5 (information about changes in trusts in which beneficial owners trustees),

(b)

a statement that the entity has complied with paragraph 8 of this Schedule (duty to take steps to obtain information),

(c)

anything required by regulations under section 16 (verification of information) to be delivered to the registrar, and

(d)

the name and contact details of an individual who may be contacted about the statements and information.

(2)

If an overseas entity is registered as an overseas entity when this Schedule comes into force it must deliver the statements and information required by this Schedule—

(a)

at the same time as it delivers the statements and information required by section 7 on the first occasion after the end of the period of 3 months beginning with the day on which this Schedule comes into force, or

(b)

if it applies under section 9 for removal before then, at the same time as it delivers the statements and information required by that section.

(3)

If an overseas entity is not registered as an overseas entity when this Schedule comes into force it must deliver the statements and information required by this Schedule within the period of 3 months beginning when it comes into force.

Information about changes in beneficial ownership

3

(1)

The overseas entity must deliver to the registrar the statement in row 1 of the following table or the statement and information listed in row 2.

Statement

Information

1

A statement that the entity has noreasonable cause to believe that anyone became or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner during the relevant period.

2

A statement that the entity has reasonable cause to believe that at least one person became or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner during the relevant period.

  1. 1.

    The required information about each person who became or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner during the relevant period, or so much of that information as the entity has been able to obtain.

  2. 2.

    The date on which each of them became or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner, if the entity has been able to obtain that information.

(2)

Where the information provided under sub-paragraph (1) includes information that the person who became or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner was a registrable beneficial owner by virtue of being a trustee (see paragraphs 3(1)(f) and 5(1)(h) of Schedule 1), the overseas entity must also deliver to the registrar—

(a)

the required information about the trust or so much of that information as the overseas entity has been able to obtain, and

(b)

a statement as to whether the entity has any reasonable cause to believe that there is required information about the trust that it has not been able to obtain.

(3)

Statements required by this paragraph to be delivered to the registrar must relate to the time when they are delivered.

(4)

Information required by this paragraph to be delivered to the registrar as a result of a person having become or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner must relate to the state of affairs when the person became or ceased be a registrable beneficial owner.

(5)

For the required information, see Schedule 1.

Information about trusts and changes in beneficiaries

4

(1)

The overseas entity must deliver to the registrar—

(a)

a statement that the entity has no reasonable cause to believe that there is any person who, at the end of the relevant period, was a registrable beneficial owner of the entity by virtue of being a trustee, or

(b)

a statement that the entity has reasonable cause to believe that there is at least one such person.

(2)

Where a statement is delivered under sub-paragraph (1)(b) the overseas entity must also deliver to the registrar —

(a)

the required information about each trust (a “relevant trust”) by virtue of which a trustee was a registrable beneficial owner of the entity at the end of the relevant period,

(b)

in relation to each relevant trust, a statement as to whether the entity has any reasonable cause to believe that there is required information about the trust that it has not been able to obtain, and

(c)

in relation to each relevant trust, the statement in row 1 of the table set out in sub-paragraph (3), or the statement and information listed in row 2 of that table.

(3)

This is the table referred to in sub-paragraph (2)(c)

Statement

Information

1

A statement that the entity has no reasonable cause to believe that anyone became or ceased to be a beneficiary under the trust during the relevant period.

2

A statement that the entity has reasonable cause to believe that at least one person became or ceased to be a beneficiary under the trust during the relevant period.

  1. 1.

    The information specified in paragraph 8(1)(d) of Schedule 1 about each person who became or ceased to be a beneficiary under the trust during the relevant period, or so much of that information as the entity has been able to obtain.

  2. 2.

    The date on which each of them became or ceased to be a beneficiary under the trust, if the entity has been able to obtain that information.

(4)

Statements required by this paragraph to be delivered to the registrar must relate to the time when they are delivered.

(5)

Information required by sub-paragraph (2)(a) to be delivered to the registrar must relate to the state of affairs at the end of the relevant period.

(6)

Information required by sub-paragraph (2)(c) to be delivered to the registrar as a result of a person having become or ceased to be a beneficiary under a trust must relate to the state of affairs when the person became or ceased be a beneficiary.

(7)

For the required information, see Schedule 1.

Information about changes in trusts of which registrable beneficial owners trustees

5

(1)

The overseas entity must deliver to the registrar—

(a)

a statement that the entity has no reasonable cause to believe that there is any person who—

(i)

at the end of the relevant period, was a registrable beneficial owner of the entity by virtue of being a trustee of a trust,

(ii)

at any time during the relevant period was a registrable beneficial owner by virtue of being a trustee of a different trust, and

(iii)

at the end of the relevant period was not a registrable beneficial owner of the entity by virtue of being a trustee of the trust mentioned in sub-paragraph (ii), or

(b)

a statement that the entity has reasonable cause to believe that there is at least one such person.

(2)

Where a statement is delivered under sub-paragraph (1)(b) the overseas entity must deliver to the registrar—

(a)

the required information about each trust by virtue of which a trustee was a registrable beneficial owner of the entity at any time during the relevant period, or so much of that information as the overseas entity has been able to obtain, and

(b)

in relation to each such trust, a statement as to whether the entity has any reasonable cause to believe that there is required information about the trust that it has not been able to obtain.

(3)

Statements required by this paragraph to be delivered to the registrar must relate to the time when they are delivered.

(4)

Information required by sub-paragraph (2)(a) to be delivered to the registrar must relate to the state of affairs—

(a)

at the beginning of the relevant period, if the registrable beneficial owner was a trustee of the trust at that time, and

(b)

otherwise, at the time at which the registrable beneficial owner became a trustee of the trust.

(5)

For the required information, see Schedule 1.

Compliance by confirmation of information previously provided

6

A requirement imposed by paragraphs 2 to 5 to provide information may be met (in whole or in part) by confirming information previously provided.

Failure to comply with this Schedule

7

Section 8 (offence of failure to comply with updating duty) applies in relation to a failure to comply with a duty imposed by paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Schedule as it applies in relation to a failure to comply with section 7.

Obtaining information

8

(1)

An overseas entity must comply with this paragraph before complying with the requirements imposed by paragraphs 2 to 5.

(2)

The entity must take reasonable steps—

(a)

to identify anyone who became or ceased to be a registrable beneficial owner during the relevant period, and

(b)

if it identities any such person, to obtain—

(i)

the information mentioned in row 2 of column 2 of the table in paragraph 3(1), and

(ii)

in the case of anyone mentioned in paragraph 3(2), the information mentioned there.

(3)

The entity must take reasonable steps—

(a)

to identify any person who, at the end relevant period, was a registrable beneficial owner by virtue of being a trustee, and

(b)

if it identities any such person, to obtain —

(i)

the information mentioned in paragraph 4(2)(a) about the relevant trust,

(ii)

information as to whether anyone became or ceased to be a beneficiary under the relevant trust during the relevant period (a “relevant beneficiary”), and

(iii)

the information mentioned in row 2 of column 2 of the table in paragraph 4(3) in relation to any relevant beneficiary.

(4)

The entity must take reasonable steps—

(a)

to identify any person who falls within paragraph 5(1)(a)(i) to (iii), and

(b)

if it identifies any such person, to obtain the information mentioned in paragraph 5(2)(a).

(5)

The steps that an overseas entity must take by virtue of this paragraph include giving an information notice under this paragraph to any person that it knows, or has reasonable cause to believe, falls within sub-paragraph (2)(a), (3)(a) or (4)(a).

(6)

An information notice under this paragraph is a notice requiring the recipient to provide the information mentioned in sub-paragraph (2)(b), (3)(b) or (4)(b).

(7)

Sections 15 to 15B (offences) apply in relation to information notices under this paragraph as they apply in relation to information notices under section 12.

Power to exclude descriptions of registrable beneficial owner

9

(1)

The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that, for the purposes of any provision of this Schedule specified in the regulations, a person of a description so specified is not to be treated as a registrable beneficial owner of an overseas entity.

(2)

No regulations may be made under sub-paragraph (1) after the end of the period of two years beginning with the day on which the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 is passed.

(3)

The Secretary of State must consult the Scottish Ministers before making regulations under sub-paragraph (1) that contain provision that would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament if contained in an Act of that Parliament.

(4)

Regulations under sub-paragraph (1) are subject to the negative resolution procedure.”

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I4Sch. 7 para. 4 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 219(1)(2)(b)