Legislation – Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023

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Introduction

PART 1
Companies etc

1 The registrar’s objectives

2 Statement as to lawful purposes

3 Information about subscribers

4 Proposed officers: identity verification

5 Proposed officers: disqualification

6 Persons with initial significant control: disqualification

7 Persons with initial significant control: identity verification

8 Names for criminal purposes

9 Names suggesting connection with foreign governments etc

10 Names containing computer code

11 Prohibition on re-registering name following direction

12 Prohibition on using name that another company has been directed to change

13 Directions to change name: period for compliance

14 Requirements to change name: removal of old name from public inspection

15 Objections to company’s registered name

16 Misleading indication of activities

17 Direction to change name used for criminal purposes

18 Direction to change name wrongly registered

19 Registrar’s power to change names containing computer code

20 Registrar’s power to change company’s name for breach of direction

21 Sections 19 and 20: consequential amendments

22 Company names: exceptions based on national security etc

23 Use of name suggesting connection with foreign governments etc

24 Use of name giving misleading indication of activities

25 Use of name that a company has been required to change

26 Use of name that another company has been required to change

27 Use of names: exceptions based on national security etc

28 Registered office: appropriate address

29 Registered email addresses etc

30 Registered email addresses: transitional provision

31 Disqualification for persistent breaches of companies legislation: GB

32 Disqualification for persistent breaches of companies legislation: NI

33 Disqualification on summary conviction: GB

34 Disqualification on summary conviction: NI

35 Power to impose director disqualification sanctions

36 Disqualification of persons designated under sanctions legislation: GB

37 Section 36: application to other bodies

38 Disqualification of persons designated under sanctions legislation: NI

39 Section 38: application to other bodies

40 Disqualified directors

41 Section 40: amendments to clarify existing corresponding provisions

42 Repeal of power to require additional statements

43 Prohibition on director acting unless ID verified

44 Prohibition on acting unless directorship notified

45 Registrar’s power to change a director’s service address

46 Register of members: information to be included and powers to obtain it

47 Additional ground for rectifying the register of members

48 Register of members: protecting information

49 Register of members: removal of option to use central register

50 Membership information: one-off statement

51 Abolition of local registers etc

52 Protection of date of birth information

53 Filing obligations of micro-entities

54 Filing obligations of small companies other than micro-entities

55 Sections 53 and 54: consequential amendments

56 Use or disclosure of profit and loss accounts for certain companies

57 Statements about exemption from audit requirements

58 Removal of option to abridge Companies Act accounts

59 Confirmation statements

60 Duty to confirm lawful purposes

61 Duty to notify a change in company’s principal business activities

62 Duty to deliver information about exemption from Part 21A

63 Confirmation statements: offences

64 Identity verification of persons with significant control

65 Procedure etc for verifying identity

66 Authorisation of corporate service providers

67 Exemption from identity verification: national security grounds

68 Allocation of unique identifiers

69 Identity verification: material unavailable for public inspection

70 Registrar’s power to strike off company registered on false basis

71 Requirements for administrative restoration

72 Delivery of documents: identity verification etc

73 Disqualification from delivering documents

74 Proper delivery: requirements about who may deliver documents

75 Delivery of documents by electronic means

76 Delivery of order confirming reduction of share capital

77 Delivery of statutory declaration of solvency

78 Registrar’s rules requiring documents to be delivered together

79 Power to reject documents for inconsistencies

80 Informal correction of document

81 Preservation of original documents

82 Records relating to dissolved companies etc

83 Power to require additional information

84 Registrar’s notice to resolve inconsistencies

85 Administrative removal of material from the register

86 Rectification of the register under court order

87 Power to require businesses to report discrepancies

88 Inspection of the register: general

89 Copies of material on the register

90 Material not available for public inspection

91 Protecting information on the register

92 Analysis of information for the purposes of crime prevention or detection

93 Fees: costs that may be taken into account

94 Disclosure of information

95 Use or disclosure of directors’ address information by companies

96 Use or disclosure of PSC information by companies

97 Use of directors’ address information by registrar

98 Change of addresses of officers of overseas companies by registrar

99 Overseas companies: availability of material for public inspection etc

100 Registered addresses of an overseas company

101 Overseas companies: identity verification of directors

102 General false statement offences

103 False statement offences: national security etc defence

104 Financial penalties

105 Registered office: rectification of register

106 Rectification of register: service addresses

107 Rectification of register: principal office addresses

108 Service of documents on people with significant control

PART 2
Partnerships

CHAPTER 1 Limited partnerships etc.

Meaning of “limited partnership”

109 Meaning of “limited partnership”

Required information about limited partnerships

110 Required information about partners

111 Required information about partners: transitional provision

112 Details about general nature of partnership business

Registered offices

113 A limited partnership’s registered office

114 A limited partnership’s registered office: transitional provision

115 A limited partnership’s registered office: consequential amendments

Registered email addresses

116 A limited partnership’s registered email address

117 A limited partnership’s registered email address: transitional provision

The general partners

118 Restrictions on general partners

119 Officers of general partners

120 Officers of general partners: transitional provision

Removal of option to authenticate application by signature

121 Removal of option to authenticate application by signature

Changes in partnerships

122 Notification of information about partners

123 New partners: transitional provision about required information

124 New general partners: transitional provision about officers

125 Notification of other changes

126 Confirmation statements

127 Confirmation statements: Scottish partnerships

Accounts

128 Power for HMRC to obtain accounts

Dissolution, winding up and sequestration

129 Dissolution and winding up: modifications of general law

130 Dissolution by the court when a partner has a mental disorder

131 Winding up limited partnerships on grounds of public interest

132 Winding up dissolved limited partnerships

133 Power to make provision about winding up

134 Winding up of limited partnerships: concurrent proceedings

135 Sequestration of limited partnerships: concurrent winding up proceedings

The register of limited partnerships

136 The register of limited partnerships

137 Material not available for public inspection

138 Records relating to dissolved or deregistered limited partnerships

Disclosure of information

139 Disclosure of information about partners

The registrar’s role relating to dissolution, revival and deregistration

140 Duty to notify registrar of dissolution

141 Registrar’s power to confirm dissolution of limited partnership

142 Registrar’s power to confirm dissolution: transitional provision

143 Voluntary deregistration of limited partnership

144 Removal of limited partnership from index of names

Delivery of documents

145 Delivery of documents relating to limited partnerships

146 General false statement offences

National security exemption from identity verification

147 National security exemption from identity verification

Service on a limited partnership

148 Service on a limited partnership

Application of other laws

149 Application of company law

150 Application of Partnership Act 1890 (meaning of firm)

Regulations

151 Limited partnerships: regulations

Further amendments

152 Limited partnerships: further amendments

CHAPTER 2 Miscellaneous provision about partnerships

153 Registration of qualifying Scottish partnerships

154 Power to amend disqualification legislation in relation to relevant entities: GB

155 Power to amend disqualification legislation in relation to relevant entities: NI

PART 3
Register of overseas entities

156 Register of overseas entities

157 Required information about overseas entities: address information

158 Registration of information about land

159 Registration of information about trusts

160 Registration of information about managing officers: age limits

161 Registrable beneficial owners: cases involving trusts

162 Registrable beneficial owners: nominees

163 Information about changes in beneficiaries under trusts

164 Applications for removal

165 Verification of registrable beneficial owners and managing officers

166 Material unavailable for public inspection: verification information

167 Material unavailable for public inspection

168 Protection of information

169 Resolving inconsistencies in the register

170 Administrative removal of material from register

171 False statement offences in connection with information notices

172 General false statement offences

173 Enforcement of requirement to register: updated language about penalties etc

174 Overseas entities: further information for transitional cases

175 Financial penalties: interaction with offences

176 Meaning of “service address”

177 Meaning of “registered overseas entity” in land registration legislation

178 Power to apply Part 1 amendments to register of overseas entities

PART 4
Cryptoassets

179 Cryptoassets: confiscation orders

180 Cryptoassets: civil recovery

181 Cryptoassets: terrorism

PART 5
Miscellaneous

182 Money laundering: exiting and paying away exemptions

183 Money laundering: exemptions for mixed-property transactions

184 Money laundering: offences of failing to disclose

185 Money laundering: information orders

186 Terrorist financing: information orders

187 Enhanced due diligence: designation of high-risk countries

188 Direct disclosures of information: restrictions on civil liability

189 Indirect disclosure of information: restrictions on civil liability

190 Meaning of “privileged disclosure”

191 Meaning of “relevant actions”

192 Meaning of “business relationship”

193 Other defined terms in sections 188 to 191

194 Strategic litigation against public participation: requirement to make rules of court

195 Meaning of “SLAPP” claim

196 Attributing criminal liability for economic crimes to certain bodies

197 Power to amend list of economic crimes

198 Offences under section 196 committed by partnerships

199 Failure to prevent fraud

200 Fraud offences: supplementary

201 Section 199: large organisations

202 Large organisations: parent undertakings

203 Offences under section 199 committed by partnerships

204 Guidance about preventing fraud offences

205 Failure to prevent fraud: minor definitions

206 Failure to prevent fraud: miscellaneous

207 Law Society: powers to fine in cases relating to economic crime

208 Scottish Solicitors’ Discipline Tribunal: powers to fine in cases relating to economic crime

209 Regulators of legal services: objective relating to economic crime

210 Approved regulators: information powers relating to economic crime

211 Serious Fraud Office: pre-investigation powers

212 Reports on payments to governments regulations: false statement offences etc

213 Reports on the implementation and operation of Parts 1 to 3

214 Sanctions enforcement: monetary penalties

215 Report on costs orders for proceedings for civil recovery

PART 6
General

216 Power to make consequential provision

217 Regulations

218 Extent

219 Commencement

220 Transitional provision

221 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Register of members: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 2 Abolition of certain local registers

SCHEDULE 3 Disclosure of information: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 4 Required information

SCHEDULE 5 Limited partnerships: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 6 Duty to deliver information about changes in beneficiaries

SCHEDULE 7 Overseas entities: further information for transitional cases

SCHEDULE 8 Cryptoassets: confiscation orders

SCHEDULE 9 Cryptoassets: civil recovery

SCHEDULE 10 Cryptoassets: terrorism

SCHEDULE 11 Economic crime offences

SCHEDULE 12 Criminal liability of bodies: economic crimes

SCHEDULE 13 Failure to prevent fraud: fraud offences

Changes to legislation:

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PART 1Companies etc

Identity verification

66Authorisation of corporate service providers

(1)

The Companies Act 2006 is amended as follows.

(2)

In section 1059A (scheme of Part 35), in subsection (3), at the appropriate place insert—

  • “sections 1098A to 1098H (authorised corporate service providers),”.

(3)

In section 1087 (material not available for public inspection), in subsection (1), after paragraph (ga) insert—

“(gb)

any application or other document delivered to the registrar under section 1098B, 1098D or 1098E or regulations under section 1098G (authorised corporate service providers);”.

(4)

After section 1098 insert—

“Authorised corporate service providers

1098AMeaning of “authorised corporate service provider”

In this Act “authorised corporate service provider” means a person—

(a)

whose application to the registrar to become an authorised corporate service provider for the purposes of this Act has been granted (see section 1098B),

(b)

who has not since ceased to be an authorised corporate service provider by virtue of section 1098F, and

(c)

whose status as an authorised corporate service provider is not for the time being suspended by virtue of section 1098F.

1098BApplication to become authorised corporate service provider

(1)

A person may apply to the registrar to become an authorised corporate service provider for the purposes of this Act if—

(a)

the person is a relevant person as defined by regulation 8(1) of the Money Laundering Regulations,

(b)

in the case of an individual, their identity is verified (see section 1110A), and

(c)

the person meets any other requirements imposed by regulations made by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this paragraph.

(2)

An application under this section must contain—

(a)

the name of the applicant’s supervisory authority or authorities for the purposes of the Money Laundering Regulations,

(b)

the required information about the applicant (see section 1098C), and

(c)

in the case of an application by an individual, a statement that the individual’s identity is verified (see section 1110A).

(See also section 1098D, which imposes restrictions on who may deliver an application under this section on behalf of a firm.)

(3)

Where an application is made under this section, the registrar must check with the supervisory authority, or at least one of the supervisory authorities, specified in the application, to find out whether the applicant is known to and supervised by that authority.

(4)

Having carried out that check, the registrar must grant the application if—

(a)

the supervisory authority, or at least one of the supervisory authorities, specified in the application has confirmed that the applicant is known to and supervised by that authority,

(b)

where the applicant is an individual, the registrar is satisfied that their identity is verified (see section 1110A),

(c)

any other conditions that may be specified by regulations made by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this paragraph are met, and

(d)

the registrar is not required by subsection (5) to refuse the application.

(5)

The registrar must refuse the application if it appears to the registrar that the applicant is not a fit and proper person to carry out the functions of an authorised corporate service provider.

(6)

The provision that can be made in regulations under subsection (4)(c) includes provision conferring a discretion on the registrar.

(7)

Regulations under subsection (1)(c) or (4)(c) are subject to affirmative resolution procedure.

(8)

For the purposes of this section—

Money Laundering Regulations” means the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/692);

“supervised”: a person is supervised by a supervisory authority if regulation 7(1) of the Money Laundering Regulations provides that it is a supervisory authority for that person;

supervisory authority” means an authority that is a supervisory authority under the Money Laundering Regulations (see regulation 7 of those Regulations).

1098CThe required information about an applicant

(1)

The “required information” about the applicant, in the case of a firm that is applying to become an authorised corporate service provider, means—

(a)

firm name,

(b)

principal office,

(c)

a service address,

(d)

an email address,

(e)

the legal form of the firm and the law by which it is governed, and

(f)

if applicable, the register in which it is entered (including details of the state) and its registration number in that register.

(2)

The “required information” about the applicant, in the case of an individual who is applying to become an authorised corporate service provider, means—

(a)

name, nationality and date of birth,

(b)

a service address,

(c)

an email address, and

(d)

the part of the United Kingdom in which the person is usually resident or, if the person is usually resident in a country or state outside the United Kingdom, that country or state.

(3)

In subsection (2)(a)name” means forename and surname.

(4)

Where the applicant is a peer or an individual usually known by a title, the requirement for the application to contain their name may be satisfied by providing that title instead of the individual’s forename and surname.

(5)

The Secretary of State may by regulations—

(a)

amend this section so as to change the required information about the applicant in the case of a firm or individual applying to become an authorised corporate service provider;

(b)

repeal subsection (4).

(6)

Regulations under this section are subject to affirmative resolution procedure.

1098DDelivery of applications under section 1098B on behalf of a firm

An application under section 1098B by a firm mentioned in the first column of the table—

(a)

must be delivered to the registrar on its behalf by a relevant officer mentioned in the second column who is an individual (see also section 1067A(2)), and

(b)

must be accompanied by a statement by the individual confirming their status as a relevant officer of the firm.

Firm

Relevant officer

company

director

body corporate other than a company

  1. (a)

    where the body’s affairs are managed by its members, a member of the body;

  2. (b)

    in any other case, any officer of the body whose functions correspond to that of a director of a company.

partnership

  1. (a)

    in relation to a limited partnership, a general partner as defined by section 3 of the Limited Partnerships Act 1907;

  2. (b)

    in relation to any other partnership, a member of the partnership

unincorporated body other than a partnership

  1. (a)

    where the body’s affairs are managed by its members, a member of the body;

  2. (b)

    in any other case, a member of the governing body.

1098EUpdating duties of authorised corporate service providers

(1)

A person who is an authorised corporate service provider must notify the registrar of any change in its supervisory authority or authorities for the purposes of the Money Laundering Regulations within the period of 14 days beginning with the date on which the change occurs.

(2)

Where the change is the result of an agreement under regulation 7(2) of the Money Laundering Regulations, for the purposes of this section the change is not to be treated as having occurred until the authority that has agreed to act notifies the person or publishes the agreement under regulation 7(3).

(3)

A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with this section commits an offence.

(4)

Where the offence is committed by a firm, every officer of the firm who is in default also commits the offence.

(5)

A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction—

(a)

in England and Wales, to a fine;

(b)

in Scotland or Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale and, for continued contravention, a daily default fine not exceeding one-tenth of level 5 on the standard scale.

(6)

In this section “Money Laundering Regulations” and “supervisory authority” have the meanings given by section 1098B(8).

1098FCeasing to be an authorised corporate service provider

(1)

A person ceases to be an authorised corporate service provider if the person ceases to be a relevant person as defined by regulation 8(1) of the Money Laundering Regulations.

(2)

The Secretary of State may by regulations—

(a)

provide for other circumstances in which a person ceases to be an authorised corporate service provider, whether automatically or as a result of a decision taken by the registrar;

(b)

provide for circumstances in which the registrar may suspend a person’s status as an authorised corporate service provider pending a decision by the registrar under regulations made by virtue of paragraph (a).

(3)

The provision that can be made under subsection (2) includes provision as to—

(a)

procedure;

(b)

the period of a suspension;

(c)

the revocation of a suspension.

(4)

The provision that can be made in regulations under subsection (2) includes provision conferring a discretion on the registrar.

(5)

Regulations under subsection (2) are subject to affirmative resolution procedure.

(6)

In this section “Money Laundering Regulations” has the meaning given by section 1098B(8).

1098GPower to impose duties to provide information

(1)

The Secretary of State may by regulations require a person who is or has been an authorised corporate service provider to provide information to the registrar in accordance with the regulations (including information for the purpose of monitoring compliance with the requirements of this Act).

(2)

The provision that may be made by regulations under subsection (1) includes provision requiring information to be provided on request, on the occurrence of an event or at regular intervals.

(3)

The circumstances that may be specified under section 1098F(2) include failure to comply with a requirement under subsection (1).

(4)

Regulations under this section may create offences in relation to failures to comply with requirements imposed by the regulations.

(5)

The regulations must provide for any such offence to be punishable on summary conviction—

(a)

in England and Wales with a fine;

(b)

in Scotland or Northern Ireland, with a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale and, for continued contravention, a daily default fine not exceeding one-tenth of level 5 on the standard scale.

(6)

The provision that can be made in regulations under this section includes provision conferring a discretion on the registrar.

(7)

Regulations under this section are subject to affirmative resolution procedure.

1098HPower to enable authorisation of foreign corporate service providers

(1)

The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for the purposes of enabling a person who is subject to a relevant regulatory regime under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom to become an authorised corporate service provider, even if the person is not a relevant person as defined by regulation 8(1) of the Money Laundering Regulations.

(2)

In subsection (1)relevant regulatory regime” means a regulatory regime that, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, has similar objectives to the regulatory regime under the Money Laundering Regulations for relevant persons and is likely to be no less effective in achieving those objectives.

(3)

Regulations under this section—

(a)

may amend any of sections 1098B to 1098G or insert new sections into this Act;

(b)

may make consequential amendments or repeals in other provisions of this Act.

(4)

Regulations under this section are subject to affirmative resolution procedure.

(5)

In this section “Money Laundering Regulations” has the meaning given by section 1098B(8).”

(5)

In Schedule 8 (index of defined expressions), at the appropriate place insert—

“authorised corporate service provider

section 1098A”.