Legislation – Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007

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Introduction

Part 1
Tribunals and Inquiries

Chapter 1 Tribunal judiciary: independence and Senior President

1 Independence of tribunal judiciary

2 Senior President of Tribunals

Chapter 2 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

Establishment

3 The First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal

Members and composition of tribunals

4 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal

5 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal

6 Certain judges who are also judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

7 Chambers: jurisdiction and Presidents

8 Senior President of Tribunals: power to delegate

Review of decisions and appeals

9 Review of decision of First-tier Tribunal

10 Review of decision of Upper Tribunal

11 Right to appeal to Upper Tribunal

12 Proceedings on appeal to Upper Tribunal

13 Right to appeal to Court of Appeal etc.

14 Proceedings on appeal to Court of Appeal etc.

“Judicial review”

15 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction

16 Application for relief under section 15(1)

17 Quashing orders under section 15(1): supplementary provision

18 Limits of jurisdiction under section 15(1)

19 Transfer of judicial review applications from High Court

20 Transfer of judicial review applications from the Court of Session

21 Upper Tribunal’s “judicial review” jurisdiction: Scotland

Miscellaneous

22 Tribunal Procedure Rules

23 Practice directions

24 Mediation

25 Supplementary powers of Upper Tribunal

26 First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal: sitting places

27 Enforcement

28 Assessors

29 Costs or expenses

Chapter 3 Transfer of tribunal functions

30 Transfer of functions of certain tribunals

31 Transfers under section 30: supplementary powers

32 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Wales

33 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Scotland

34 Power to provide for appeal to Upper Tribunal from tribunals in Northern Ireland

35 Transfer of Ministerial responsibilities for certain tribunals

36 Transfer of powers to make procedural rules for certain tribunals

37 Power to amend lists of tribunals in Schedule 6

38 Orders under sections 30 to 36: supplementary

Chapter 4 Administrative matters in respect of certain tribunals

39 The general duty

40 Tribunal staff and services

41 Provision of accommodation

42 Fees

43 Report by Senior President of Tribunals

Chapter 5 Oversight of administrative justice system, tribunals and inquiries

44 The Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council

45 Abolition of the Council on Tribunals

Chapter 6 Supplementary

46 Delegation of functions by Lord Chief Justice etc.

47 Co-operation in relation to judicial training, guidance and welfare

48 Consequential and other amendments, and transitional provisions

49 Orders and regulations under Part 1: supplemental and procedural provisions

Part 2
Judicial appointments

50 Judicial appointments: “judicial-appointment eligibility condition”

51 “Relevant qualification” in section 50: further provision

52 Meaning of “gain experience in law” in section 50

53 Transfer from salaried to fee-paid judicial office

54 Continuation of judicial office after normal retirement date

55 Appointment of deputy Circuit judges

56 Appointment of deputy district judges, etc.

57 Deputy, and temporary additional, Masters etc.

58 Appointment of temporary assistants to Judge Advocate General

59 Members and chairmen of certain Appeals Commissions

60 Appointment as Chairman of Law Commission

61 Orders permitting disclosures to Judicial Appointments Commission

Part 3
Enforcement by taking control of goods

Chapter 1 Procedure

62 Enforcement by taking control of goods

63 Enforcement agents

64 Certificates to act as an enforcement agent

65 Common law rules replaced

66 Pre-commencement enforcement not affected

67 Transfer of county court enforcement

68 Magistrates’ courts warrants of control

69 County court warrants of control etc.

70 Power of High Court to stay execution

Chapter 2 Rent arrears recovery

Abolition of common law right

71 Abolition of common law right

Commercial rent arrears recovery

72 Commercial rent arrears recovery (CRAR)

73 Landlord

74 Lease

75 Commercial premises

76 Rent

77 The rent recoverable

78 Intervention of the court

79 Use of CRAR after end of lease

80 Agricultural holdings

Right to rent from sub-tenant

81 Right to rent from sub-tenant

82 Off-setting payments under a notice

83 Withdrawal and replacement of notices

84 Recovery of sums due and overpayments

Supplementary

85 Contracts for similar rights to be void

86 Amendments

87 Interpretation of Chapter

Chapter 3 General

88 Abolition of Crown preference

89 Application to the Crown

90 Regulations

Part 4
Enforcement of judgments and orders

91 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates

92 Attachment of earnings orders: finding the debtor’s current employer

93 Payment by instalments: making and enforcing charging orders

94 Charging orders: power to set financial thresholds

95 Application for information about action to recover judgment debt

96 Action by the court

97 Departmental information requests

98 Information orders

99 Responding to a departmental information request

100 Information order: required information not held etc.

101 Using the information about the debtor

102 Offence of unauthorised use or disclosure

103 Regulations

104 Interpretation

105 Application and transitional provision

Part 5
Debt management and relief

Chapter 1 Administration orders

106 Administration orders

Chapter 2 Enforcement restriction orders

107 Enforcement restriction orders

Chapter 3 Debt relief orders

108 Debt relief orders and debt relief restrictions orders etc.

Chapter 4 Debt management schemes

Introductory

109 Debt management schemes

110 Debt repayment plans

Approval of schemes

111 Approval by supervising authority

112 Applications for approval

113 Terms of approval

Effect of plans etc.

114 Discharge from specified debts

115 Presentation of bankruptcy petition

116 Remedies other than bankruptcy

117 Charging of interest etc.

118 Stopping supplies of gas or electricity

119 Existing county court proceedings to be stayed

120 Registration of plans

121 Other debt management arrangements in force

Appeals

122 Right of appeal

123 Dealing with appeals

Approved schemes: charging

124 Charges by operator of approved scheme

Termination of approval

125 Procedure for termination

126 Terminating an approval

127 Alternatives to termination

Effects of end of approval

128 Effects of end of approval

The supervising authority

129 The supervising authority

Various

130 Regulations

131 Main definitions

132 Expressions relating to debts

133 Periods of protection

Part 6
Protection of cultural objects on loan

134 Protected objects

135 Effect of protection

136 Relevant museums and galleries

137 Interpretation

138 Crown application

Part 7
Miscellaneous

139 Enforcement by enforcement officers

140 Supplementary

141 Judicial review: power to substitute decision

142 Recovery of sums payable under compromises involving ACAS

143 Appeals in relation to design rights

Part 8
General

144 Protected functions of the Lord Chancellor

145 Power to make supplementary or other provision

146 Repeals

147 Extent

148 Commencement

149 Short title

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1 Senior President of Tribunals

SCHEDULE 2 Judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal

SCHEDULE 3 Judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal

SCHEDULE 4 Chambers and Chamber Presidents: further provision

SCHEDULE 5 Procedure in First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

SCHEDULE 6 Tribunals for the purposes of sections 30 to 36

SCHEDULE 7 Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council

SCHEDULE 8 Tribunals and Inquiries: consequential and other amendments

SCHEDULE 9 Tribunals: transitional provision

SCHEDULE 10 Amendments relating to judicial appointments

SCHEDULE 11 District judges and deputy district judges

SCHEDULE 12 Taking control of goods

SCHEDULE 13 Taking control of goods: amendments

SCHEDULE 14 Rent arrears recovery: amendments

SCHEDULE 15 Attachment of earnings orders: deductions at fixed rates

SCHEDULE 16 Administration orders: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 17 Part 7A of the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 18 Schedule 4ZA to the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 19 Schedule 4ZB to the Insolvency Act 1986

SCHEDULE 20 Debt relief orders: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 21 Regulations under sections 111 and 113

SCHEDULE 22 Compulsory purchase: consequential amendments

SCHEDULE 23 Repeals

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1Senior President of Tribunals

Part 2Selection by the Judicial Appointments Commission

The selection process

4

In Chapter 2 of Part 4 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) (appointments), after section 75 insert—

“Senior President of Tribunals

75ASections 75B to 75G apply where request made for selection

(1)

Sections 75B to 75G apply where the Lord Chancellor makes a request to the Commission under paragraph 2(5) of Schedule 1 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (request for person to be selected for recommendation for appointment to the office of Senior President of Tribunals).

(2)

Those sections are subject to section 95 (withdrawal and modification of requests).

75BSelection process

(1)

On receiving a request the Commission must appoint a selection panel.

(2)

The panel must —

(a)

determine the selection process to be applied,

(b)

apply the selection process, and

(c)

make a selection accordingly.

(3)

As part of the selection process the panel must consult—

(a)

the Lord Chief Justice, if not a member of the panel,

(b)

the Lord President of the Court of Session, if not a member of the panel, and

(c)

the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, if not a member of the panel.

(4)

One person only must be selected for the recommendation to which a request relates.

(5)

Subsection (4) applies to selection under this section and to selection under section 75G.

(6)

A selection panel is a committee of the Commission.

75CSelection panel

(1)

The selection panel must consist of four members.

(2)

The first member is the Lord Chief Justice, or his nominee.

(3)

The second member is a person designated by the Lord Chief Justice.

(4)

Unless subsection (7) applies, the third member is the chairman of the Commission or his nominee.

(5)

The fourth member is a lay member of the Commission designated by the third member.

(6)

Subsection (7) applies if—

(a)

there is no chairman of the Commission, or

(b)

the chairman of the Commission is unavailable and has not nominated a person under subsection (4).

(7)

In those cases the third member is a lay member of the Commission selected by the lay members of the Commission other than the chairman.

(8)

A nominee of the Lord Chief Justice must be a Head of Division or a Lord Justice of Appeal.

(9)

The person designated under subsection (3) must be—

(a)

a person who holds, or has held, the office of Senior President of Tribunals,

(b)

a person who holds, or has held, office as a Chamber President of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal or of a chamber of the Upper Tribunal, or

(c)

a person who holds, or has held, an office that, in the opinion of the Lord Chief Justice, is such that a holder of it would acquire knowledge or experience of tribunals broadly similar to that which would be acquired by—

(i)

a person who holds the office of Senior President of Tribunals, or

(ii)

a person who holds office as a Chamber President of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal, or

(iii)

a person who holds office as a Chamber President of a chamber of the Upper Tribunal.

(10)

Before designating a person under subsection (3), the Lord Chief Justice must consult—

(a)

the Lord President of the Court of Session, and

(b)

the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.

(11)

A person may not be appointed to the panel if he is willing to be considered for selection.

(12)

A person may not be appointed to the panel as the nominee of more than one person.

(13)

A person appointed to the panel otherwise than as a nominee may not be a nominee.

(14)

The first member is the chairman of the panel.

(15)

On any vote by the panel the chairman of the panel has an additional, casting vote in the event of a tie.

75DReport

(1)

After complying with section 75B(2) the selection panel must submit a report to the Lord Chancellor.

(2)

The report must—

(a)

state who has been selected;

(b)

contain any other information required by the Lord Chancellor.

(3)

The report must be in a form approved by the Lord Chancellor.

(4)

After submitting the report the panel must provide any further information the Lord Chancellor may require.

75EThe Lord Chancellor’s options

(1)

This section refers to the following stages—

Stage 1:

where a person has been selected under section 75B

Stage 2:

where a person has been selected following a rejection or reconsideration at stage 1

Stage 3:

where a person has been selected following a rejection or reconsideration at stage 2

(2)

At stage 1 the Lord Chancellor must do one of the following—

(a)

accept the selection;

(b)

reject the selection;

(c)

require the selection panel to reconsider the selection.

(3)

At stage 2 the Lord Chancellor must do one of the following—

(a)

accept the selection;

(b)

reject the selection, but only if it was made following a reconsideration at stage 1;

(c)

require the selection panel to reconsider the selection, but only if it was made following a rejection at stage 1.

(4)

At stage 3 the Lord Chancellor must accept the selection, unless subsection (5) applies and he accepts a selection under it.

(5)

If a person whose selection the Lord Chancellor required to be reconsidered at stage 1 or 2 was not selected again at the next stage, the Lord Chancellor may, at stage 3, accept the selection made at that earlier stage.

75FExercise of powers to reject or require reconsideration

(1)

The power of the Lord Chancellor under section 75E to reject a selection at stage 1 or 2 is exercisable only on the grounds that, in the Lord Chancellor’s opinion, the person selected is not suitable for the office of Senior President of Tribunals.

(2)

The power of the Lord Chancellor under section 75E to require the selection panel to reconsider a selection at stage 1 or 2 is exercisable only on the grounds that, in the Lord Chancellor’s opinion—

(a)

there is not enough evidence that the person is suitable for the office of Senior President of Tribunals, or

(b)

there is evidence that the person is not the best candidate on merit.

(3)

The Lord Chancellor must give the selection panel reasons in writing for rejecting or requiring reconsideration of a selection.

75GSelection following rejection or requirement to reconsider

(1)

If under section 75F the Lord Chancellor rejects or requires reconsideration of a selection at stage 1 or 2, the selection panel must select a person in accordance with this section.

(2)

If the Lord Chancellor rejects a selection, the selection panel—

(a)

may not select the person rejected, and

(b)

where the rejection is following reconsideration of a selection, may not select the person (if different) whose selection it reconsidered.

(3)

If the Lord Chancellor requires a selection to be reconsidered, the selection panel—

(a)

may select the same person or a different person, but

(b)

where the requirement is following a rejection, may not select the person rejected.

(4)

The selection panel must inform the Lord Chancellor of the person selected following a rejection or a requirement to reconsider.

(5)

Subsections (2) and (3) do not prevent a person being selected on a subsequent request under paragraph 2(5) of Schedule 1 to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.”