Legislation – Regulation of Legal Services (Scotland) Act 2025

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Introduction

Part 1
Regulatory framework

Chapter 1 Objectives, principles and key definitions

Overview of Part

1 Overview of the regulatory framework

Regulatory objectives

2 Regulatory objectives

3 Application of the regulatory objectives

Professional principles

4 Professional principles

Meaning of key expressions

5 Meaning of “legal services” and “legal services provider”

6 Meaning of regulatory functions

Chapter 2 regulators

Regulatory categories

7 Regulatory categories

Requirements of category 1 regulators

8 Exercise of regulatory functions

9 Regulatory committee: composition and membership

10 Regulatory committee: lay and legal members

11 Regulatory committee: convener, sub-committees and minutes

12 Annual reports of category 1 regulators

13 Compensation funds

Requirements of category 2 regulators

14 Exercise of regulatory functions

15 Annual reports of category 2 regulators

Requirements of both category 1 and category 2 regulators

16 Register of regulated legal services providers

17 Professional indemnity insurance

Powers of the Lord President in relation to regulators

18 Review of regulatory performance by the Lord President

19 Measures open to the Lord President

Special rule changes

20 Power to direct special rule changes

21 Powers to amend or revoke directions

22 Register of directions

Chapter 3 New regulators of legal services

Applications

23 Right to provide legal services

24 Regulatory scheme

25 Regulatory scheme – additional matters to be included: further provision

26 Publication of draft regulatory scheme and representations

Consideration and grant

27 Consideration of applications

28 Approval of application and giving effect to the regulatory scheme

Exercise of the acquired rights

29 Exercise of rights to provide legal services

30 Surrender of rights

31 Offence of pretending to have acquired rights

Review of regulatory scheme

32 Review of regulatory scheme on initiative of accredited regulator

33 Review of regulatory schemes

34 Revocation of acquired rights

Miscellaneous

35 Replacement regulatory arrangements for authorised providers

36 Consequential amendments and repeals

37 Transitional and saving provision for regulators approved under the 1990 Act

Part 2
Regulation of legal businesses

38 Overview of Part

39 Requirement for legal businesses to be authorised to provide legal services

40 Offence of pretending to be an authorised legal business

41 Rules for authorised legal businesses

42 Authorisation rules

43 Appeals in relation to authorisation decisions

44 Practice rules

45 Financial sanctions

46 Reconciling different rules

47 Monitoring of performance of authorised legal businesses

48 Law Society of Scotland

49 Entities changing regulatory regime

Part 3
Complaints

50 Receipt of complaints: preliminary steps

51 Complaints initiated by, or continued by, the Commission

52 Ineligible or premature complaints

53 Commission process relating to complaints

54 Commission’s duty to investigate and determine services complaints

55 Regulatory complaints against authorised legal businesses

56 Services complaint: sanctions

57 Commission decision making and delegation

58 Commission review committee

59 Disclosure of information by practitioners etc. to the Commission and relevant professional organisations

60 Power of Commission to request practitioner’s details in connection with complaints

61 Services complaints: special provision for complaints against unregulated persons

62 Handling complaints

63 Annual general levy and complaints levy

64 Unregulated providers of legal services: register, annual contributions and complaints contributions

65 Commission rules as to practice and procedure

66 Conduct or regulatory complaint raised by relevant professional organisation

67 Conduct or regulatory complaint appears to relevant professional organisation during investigation to be services complaint

68 Conduct complaints: consideration by relevant professional organisations

69 Complaints: monitoring and setting of minimum standards by the Commission

70 Compensation funds: setting of minimum standards by the Commission

71 Enforcement of minimum standards

72 Obtaining information from practitioners

73 Power to disclose information about complaints: Commission

74 Restriction on disclosure of information: Commission

75 Power to disclose information about complaints: relevant professional organisations

76 Restriction on disclosure of information: relevant professional organisations

77 Conduct complaints: power to impose unlimited fine and removal of power to award compensation

78 Faculty of Advocates: complaint of professional misconduct and publication of decision

79 Commission membership

80 Role of the independent advisory panel

81 Commission reports

82 Minor and consequential amendments

Part 4
Miscellaneous

83 Financial sanctions

84 Licensing rules: fees

85 Removal of requirement to act for fee, gain or reward

86 Eligibility criteria: law centres

87 Majority ownership

88 Non-solicitor investors: factors as to fitness

89 Removal of practising restrictions: law centres, citizens advice bodies and charities

90 Offence of taking or using the title of lawyer

91 Offence of pretending to be a regulated legal services provider

92 Offence of pretending to be a member of Faculty of Advocates

93 Time limit for prosecution of offences

94 Power of the Scottish Ministers to adjust restricted legal services

95 Lord President’s functions under Parts 1 and 2: rule-making making power

96 Modification of other enactments

97 Review of Act

Part 5
General

98 Individual culpability for offending by an organisation

99 Civil enforcement in relation to offences

100 Regulations

101 Ancillary provision

102 Interpretation

103 Commencement

104 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Law Society of Scotland

Schedule 2 Further provision about measures open to the Lord President

Schedule 3 Minor and consequential modifications of enactments

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Schedule 2Further provision about measures open to the Lord President

Part 5Procedure for imposing a measure

Application

16

This Part applies to the Lord President taking any measure mentioned in section 19(4) against a category 1 or category 2 regulator.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I1Sch. 2 para. 16 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 103(3)

Notice of intention

17

(1)

Before taking a measure against the regulator, the Lord President must give it a notice (a “notice of intention”) of the Lord President’s intention to do so.

(2)

The notice of intention must set out the details of the proposed measure and, in particular, must—

(a)

state the type of measure (or measures) that the Lord President intends to take,

(b)

set out the details of what the Lord President proposes under the measure,

(c)

explain why the Lord President is satisfied that it is appropriate to take the measure.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I2Sch. 2 para. 17 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 103(3)

Consultation

18

(1)

The regulator has 28 days beginning with the date of receipt of the notice of intention (or such longer period as the regulator and the Lord President may agree) to make representations to the Lord President about the proposed measure.

(2)

The Lord President must—

(a)

publish the notice of intention in such manner as the Lord President considers most appropriate for bringing it to the attention of any relevant person or body,

(b)

give a copy of the notice of intention to such person or body as the Lord President considers appropriate,

(c)

after the expiry of the period for representations—

(i)

give the recipients under paragraph (b) a copy of any representations received from the regulator,

(ii)

consult them accordingly in relation to the proposed measure (which consultation must provide at least 21 days for the consultees to respond).

(3)

Where the proposed measure is to remove all of the regulatory functions of the regulator as mentioned in section 19(4)(f), the Lord President must—

(a)

give a copy of the notice of intention under sub-paragraph (2)(b) to each person who is authorised by the regulator to provide legal services (“the authorised providers”), and

(b)

consult the authorised providers in accordance with sub-paragraph (2)(c) about, in particular, in the event that all of the regulatory functions are removed from the regulator whether a majority of the authorised providers would like—

(i)

another category 1 or category 2 regulator to authorise them to exercise their acquired rights (or such of them as may be surrendered) and regulate their exercise of the acquired rights (if that other regulator is content to so authorise and regulate them), or

(ii)

to form a body and submit an application under section 23 seeking accreditation of the body to authorise them to exercise their acquired rights (or such of them as may be surrendered) and regulate their exercise of the acquired rights.

(4)

For the purpose of sub-paragraph (3), the Lord President may direct the regulator to give to each of the authorised providers (on the Lord President’s behalf) a copy of the notice of intention and the information required for the consultation.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I3Sch. 2 para. 18 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 103(3)

Decision

19

(1)

The Lord President must have regard to any representations made to the Lord President by the regulator, or any consultee under paragraph 18(2)(c), when deciding whether to proceed with the proposed measure.

(2)

The Lord President must—

(a)

give a notice of the Lord President’s decision (a “decision notice”) to the regulator,

(b)

notify the consultees under paragraph 18(2)(c) of the Lord President’s decision,

(c)

publish the decision notice in such manner as the Lord President considers most appropriate for bringing it to the attention of any relevant person or body.

(3)

The decision notice must—

(a)

explain the Lord President’s reasons for proceeding with the measure,

(b)

set out the details of the action the Lord President is taking under the measure as required by the relevant Part of this schedule, and

(c)

if appropriate, specify the date from which the measure will take effect (which may be the date on which that notice is given).

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I4Sch. 2 para. 19 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 103(3)

Meaning of relevant persons or bodies

20

For the purposes of this Part, relevant persons or bodies include—

(a)

other category 1 and category 2 regulators,

(b)

legal services providers,

(c)

organisations representing the interests of consumers,

(d)

members of the public.

Annotations:
Commencement Information

I5Sch. 2 para. 20 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 103(3)