Legislation – Regulation of Legal Services (Scotland) Act 2025

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Introduction

Part 1
Regulatory framework

Chapter 1 Objectives, principles and key definitions

Overview of Part

1 Overview of the regulatory framework

Regulatory objectives

2 Regulatory objectives

3 Application of the regulatory objectives

Professional principles

4 Professional principles

Meaning of key expressions

5 Meaning of “legal services” and “legal services provider”

6 Meaning of regulatory functions

Chapter 2 regulators

Regulatory categories

7 Regulatory categories

Requirements of category 1 regulators

8 Exercise of regulatory functions

9 Regulatory committee: composition and membership

10 Regulatory committee: lay and legal members

11 Regulatory committee: convener, sub-committees and minutes

12 Annual reports of category 1 regulators

13 Compensation funds

Requirements of category 2 regulators

14 Exercise of regulatory functions

15 Annual reports of category 2 regulators

Requirements of both category 1 and category 2 regulators

16 Register of regulated legal services providers

17 Professional indemnity insurance

Powers of the Lord President in relation to regulators

18 Review of regulatory performance by the Lord President

19 Measures open to the Lord President

Special rule changes

20 Power to direct special rule changes

21 Powers to amend or revoke directions

22 Register of directions

Chapter 3 New regulators of legal services

Applications

23 Right to provide legal services

24 Regulatory scheme

25 Regulatory scheme – additional matters to be included: further provision

26 Publication of draft regulatory scheme and representations

Consideration and grant

27 Consideration of applications

28 Approval of application and giving effect to the regulatory scheme

Exercise of the acquired rights

29 Exercise of rights to provide legal services

30 Surrender of rights

31 Offence of pretending to have acquired rights

Review of regulatory scheme

32 Review of regulatory scheme on initiative of accredited regulator

33 Review of regulatory schemes

34 Revocation of acquired rights

Miscellaneous

35 Replacement regulatory arrangements for authorised providers

36 Consequential amendments and repeals

37 Transitional and saving provision for regulators approved under the 1990 Act

Part 2
Regulation of legal businesses

38 Overview of Part

39 Requirement for legal businesses to be authorised to provide legal services

40 Offence of pretending to be an authorised legal business

41 Rules for authorised legal businesses

42 Authorisation rules

43 Appeals in relation to authorisation decisions

44 Practice rules

45 Financial sanctions

46 Reconciling different rules

47 Monitoring of performance of authorised legal businesses

48 Law Society of Scotland

49 Entities changing regulatory regime

Part 3
Complaints

50 Receipt of complaints: preliminary steps

51 Complaints initiated by, or continued by, the Commission

52 Ineligible or premature complaints

53 Commission process relating to complaints

54 Commission’s duty to investigate and determine services complaints

55 Regulatory complaints against authorised legal businesses

56 Services complaint: sanctions

57 Commission decision making and delegation

58 Commission review committee

59 Disclosure of information by practitioners etc. to the Commission and relevant professional organisations

60 Power of Commission to request practitioner’s details in connection with complaints

61 Services complaints: special provision for complaints against unregulated persons

62 Handling complaints

63 Annual general levy and complaints levy

64 Unregulated providers of legal services: register, annual contributions and complaints contributions

65 Commission rules as to practice and procedure

66 Conduct or regulatory complaint raised by relevant professional organisation

67 Conduct or regulatory complaint appears to relevant professional organisation during investigation to be services complaint

68 Conduct complaints: consideration by relevant professional organisations

69 Complaints: monitoring and setting of minimum standards by the Commission

70 Compensation funds: setting of minimum standards by the Commission

71 Enforcement of minimum standards

72 Obtaining information from practitioners

73 Power to disclose information about complaints: Commission

74 Restriction on disclosure of information: Commission

75 Power to disclose information about complaints: relevant professional organisations

76 Restriction on disclosure of information: relevant professional organisations

77 Conduct complaints: power to impose unlimited fine and removal of power to award compensation

78 Faculty of Advocates: complaint of professional misconduct and publication of decision

79 Commission membership

80 Role of the independent advisory panel

81 Commission reports

82 Minor and consequential amendments

Part 4
Miscellaneous

83 Financial sanctions

84 Licensing rules: fees

85 Removal of requirement to act for fee, gain or reward

86 Eligibility criteria: law centres

87 Majority ownership

88 Non-solicitor investors: factors as to fitness

89 Removal of practising restrictions: law centres, citizens advice bodies and charities

90 Offence of taking or using the title of lawyer

91 Offence of pretending to be a regulated legal services provider

92 Offence of pretending to be a member of Faculty of Advocates

93 Time limit for prosecution of offences

94 Power of the Scottish Ministers to adjust restricted legal services

95 Lord President’s functions under Parts 1 and 2: rule-making making power

96 Modification of other enactments

97 Review of Act

Part 5
General

98 Individual culpability for offending by an organisation

99 Civil enforcement in relation to offences

100 Regulations

101 Ancillary provision

102 Interpretation

103 Commencement

104 Short title

SCHEDULES

Schedule 1 Law Society of Scotland

Schedule 2 Further provision about measures open to the Lord President

Schedule 3 Minor and consequential modifications of enactments

Schedule 2Further provision about measures open to the Lord President

Part 4Making changes to regulatory functions

Application

12

This Part applies when the Lord President is satisfied that—

(a)

an act or omission of a category 1 or category 2 regulator (or a series of acts or omissions) has had, or is likely to have, an adverse impact on the observance of any of the regulatory objectives, and

(b)

the matter cannot be addressed adequately by the Lord President taking any of the measures mentioned in section 19(4)(a) to (c).

Power to make changes

13

(1)

Where the Lord President is taking a measure mentioned in section 19(4)(d), the Lord President may—

(a)

in a case where the regulator falls within sub-paragraph (6), direct the regulator to change its scheme in such manner and by such date as the Lord President may specify,

(b)

in any other case, ask the Scottish Ministers to exercise the power under sub-paragraph (4) to change the regulatory functions exercised by the regulator.

(2)

Where the Lord President is taking a measure mentioned in section 19(4)(e), the Lord President may—

(a)

in a case where the regulator falls within sub-paragraph (6), direct the regulator to change its scheme in such manner and by such date as the Lord President may specify,

(b)

in any other case, ask the Scottish Ministers to exercise the power under sub-paragraph (4) to change the way in which any of the regulatory functions of the regulator are to be exercised by it.

(3)

Where the Lord President is taking a measure mentioned in section 19(4)(f) in relation to a regulator that falls within sub-paragraph (6), the Lord President may revoke the approval of the regulator’s application under section 28 of this Act or, as the case may be, under section 26(6) of the 1990 Act.

(4)

Following a request from the Lord President under sub-paragraph (1)(b) or (2)(b), the Scottish Ministers may by regulations make provision to change—

(a)

the regulatory functions exercised by the regulator, or

(b)

the way in which any of the regulatory functions of the regulator are to be exercised by it.

(5)

The Scottish Ministers may exercise the power under sub-paragraph (4) only in accordance with such a request.

(6)

A regulator falls within this paragraph if it is an accredited regulator or if it acquired rights for its members to provide legal services (other than rights to conduct litigation and rights of audience) by virtue of an application under section 25 of the 1990 Act.

(7)

Regulations under this paragraph may amend an enactment.

(8)

For the purposes of sub-paragraphs (1)(a) and (2)(a), the regulator’s scheme is the scheme that was approved under section 26(6) of the 1990 Act or, as the case may be, section 28 of this Act (as such scheme may be amended from time to time).

Decision

14

(1)

Where the Lord President decides to proceed with a measure under this Part, the decision notice required under paragraph 19(2) must—

(a)

state—

(i)

in a case where the regulator falls within paragraph 13(6), the changes that the Lord President intends to direct the regulator to make to its scheme or, as the case may be, that the Lord President intends to remove all of the regulatory functions of the regulator,

(ii)

in any other case, the changes that the Lord President intends to ask the Scottish Ministers to make to the regulatory functions exercised by the regulator or to the way in which any of the regulatory functions of the regulator are to be exercised by it, and

(b)

explain why the Lord President considers the changes to be appropriate.

(2)

The date by which regulations may be made must not be within the period of 3 months beginning with the day on which the decision notice is given to the regulator.

Parliamentary procedure for regulations

15

(1)

The Scottish Ministers may not make regulations under paragraph 13(4) unless—

(a)

the Lord President has given the regulator a decision notice as required under paragraph 19(2),

(b)

they have laid before the Scottish Parliament—

(i)

the draft regulations, and

(ii)

an explanatory document, and

(c)

the draft regulations have been approved by resolution of the Parliament.

(2)

The explanatory document must give details of—

(a)

any representations received as a result of the consultation under paragraph 18,

(b)

any representation received as a result of the consultation on the draft regulations,

(c)

the changes (if any) made to the proposed measure or regulations as a result of those representations.